Iintlawulo Ezilibazisekileyo: Amalungelo Akho e-SA

Uninzi loonokontraka baseMzantsi Afrika abasilelayo alusileli ngenxa yobugcisa. Luphelelwa yimali ngelixa lulinde ukuhlawulwa ngomsebenzi olugqibe kudala.

Esi sikhokelo sichaza amalungelo akho xa umthengi wolwakhiwo ehlawula emva kwexesha eMzantsi Afrika. Sigubungela imithetho yentlawulo phantsi kweekhontrakthi ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, inzala kwintlawulo efike emva kwexesha, isizathu sokuba abathengi bahlawule emva kwexesha, indlela yokuyithintela namanyathelo omele uwathathe xa imali igqithile.

Kutheni iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo zonzakalisa oonokontraka baseMzantsi Afrika

Iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo zonzakalisa oonokontraka baseMzantsi Afrika kuba bahlawula abasebenzi, izixhobo noomatshini kwiiveki ngaphambi kokuba umthengi abahlawule. Yongeza i-retention, ehlala iyi-5% ukuya kwi-10% yesatifikethi ngasinye, kwaye unokontraka unokuthwala inxalenye enkulu yeendleko zeprojekthi kwibhalansi yakhe. Umthengi omnye ohlawula emva kwexesha unokumisa zonke ezinye iisayithi.

Nantsi indlela isikhewu esikhula ngayo kumsebenzi wokwakha oqhelekileyo:

Wenza umsebenzi ngexesha lenyanga kwaye uhlawule iqela lakho nababoneleli.
Ungenisa ibango lakho lentlawulo ekupheleni kwenyanga.
I-principal agent okanye i-quantity surveyor ixabisa umsebenzi kwaye ikhuphe isatifikethi sentlawulo.
Umthengi uhlawula ngaphakathi kwexesha elikwikhontrakthi, okanye emva koko.

Nokuba wonke umntu uyayithobela ikhontrakthi, isikhewu ukusuka ekuchitheni ukuya ekuhlawulweni sinokuba ziiveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo. Xa isatifikethi sifika emva kwexesha okanye umthengi ehlawula emva kwexesha, siyakhula.

I-retention iyenza ibe mbi ngakumbi. Kwiprojekthi ye-R5,000,000 ene-retention ye-10%, i-R500,000 iyabanjwa. Inxalenye inokubuya ekugqityweni okusebenzayo kwaye intsalela ekugqityweni kokugqibela, emva kwe-defects liability period. Ukuba ukugqitywa kuyatyibilika, nemali iyatyibilika.

I-quantity surveyor ne-principal agent zisembindini woku. Ivalution nesatifikethi sazo ziqalisa iwotshi yentlawulo, ngoko isatifikethi esifike emva kwexesha sihlala siyimbangela yokuqala yentlawulo efike emva kwexesha.

Yeyiphi imiqathango yentlawulo esebenzayo phantsi kwe-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC?

Phantsi kweekhontrakthi ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, ixesha lentlawulo, izinga lenzala nelungelo lokumisa umsebenzi zonke zivela kwikhontrakthi esayiniweyo nakwi-contract data yayo. Akukho xesha linye lentlawulo kulo lonke ishishini eMzantsi Afrika. Abathengi becandelo likarhulumente banembopheleleko eyahlukileyo yokuhlawula ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30 emva kokufumana i-invoyisi, ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela.

Le tafile ingezantsi ibonisa indlela uhlobo ngalunye olusebenza ngayo ngokubanzi. Soloko ufunda uhlelo lwakho ne-contract data.

Uhlobo lwekhontrakthi	Ngubani oqinisekisa intlawulo	Ixesha lentlawulo	Inzala yentlawulo efike emva kwexesha	Izilungiso eziphambili
JBCC Principal Building Agreement	I-principal agent ikhupha izatifikethi zentlawulo zethutyana.	Libekwe kwikhontrakthi nakwi-contract data.	Njengoko kubekwe kwikhontrakthi.	Inzala, ukumisa emva kwesaziso, ukupheliswa, i-adjudication.
NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract	I-Project Manager iqinisekisa ngomhla ngamnye wovavanyo.	Ngaphakathi kweeveki ezintathu emva komhla wovavanyo, ngaphandle kokuba i-contract data ithi kungenjalo.	Inzala ngezinga elikwi-contract data.	Inzala, i-adjudication phantsi kwee-W options, ukupheliswa.
GCC 2015 (imisebenzi yobunjineli bomphakathi)	I-Engineer iqinisekisa ingxelo yenyanga kanokontraka.	Libekwe kwimiqathango nakwi-contract data.	Njengoko kubekwe kwikhontrakthi.	Inzala, ukumisa, i-adjudication, i-arbitration.

Kumsebenzi wecandelo likarhulumente, i-Treasury Regulations phantsi kwe-Public Finance Management Act (PFMA) ifuna amasebe esizwe nawephondo ahlawule ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30 emva kokufumana i-invoyisi, ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela. I-Municipal Finance Management Act (MFMA) inomthetho ofanayo weentsuku ezingama-30 koomasipala.

Imigaqo yentlawulo ekhawulezayo (prompt payment) phantsi kwe-CIDB Act nayo icetyisiwe. Jonga imeko yayo yangoku phambi kokuba uthembele kuyo kwisaziso.

Ngolwazi olungakumbi ngendlela iifom ezahluka ngayo, funda iikhontrakthi ze-JBCC vs NEC vs GCC.

Ungayibiza inzala kwiintlawulo zolwakhiwo ezifike emva kwexesha?

Ewe, ngokuqhelekileyo unokubiza inzala kwintlawulo yolwakhiwo efike emva kwexesha, ngezinga elikwikhontrakthi yakho okanye, ukuba ikhontrakthi ithe cwaka, ngezinga elibekwe phantsi kwe-Prescribed Rate of Interest Act 55 of 1975. Elo zinga lipapashwa kwi-Government Gazette kwaye linxulunyaniswe ne-repo rate ye-Reserve Bank, ngoko liyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Inzala ibalwa ukusuka kusuku intlawulo ebifanele ngalo ukuya kusuku ehlawulwe ngalo. Indlela elula:

Inzala yemihla ngemihla = isixa esigqithileyo × izinga lonyaka ÷ 365
Inzala iyonke = inzala yemihla ngemihla × iintsuku ezigqithileyo

Umzekelo. Isatifikethi se-R1,000,000 sihlawulwa iintsuku ezingama-45 emva kwexesha. Ukuba izinga elisebenzayo li-11% ngonyaka:

Into	Isixa
Isixa esigqithileyo	R1,000,000
Inzala yemihla ngemihla (R1,000,000 × 11% ÷ 365)	R301.37
Iintsuku ezigqithileyo	45
Inzala efanelekileyo (R301.37 × 45)	R13,561.65

I-11% yeyomzekelo kuphela. Sebenzisa izinga elikwikhontrakthi yakho okanye izinga elimiselweyo langoku. Banga inzala ngokubhaliweyo, nenombolo yesatifikethi nomhla ebifanele ngawo, qho xa intlawulo ifika emva kwexesha.

Kutheni abathengi behlawula emva kwexesha?

Abathengi ngokuqhelekileyo bahlawula emva kwexesha ngenxa yezizathu ezine: baphikisa umsebenzi okanye ivalution, amaphepha acotha, banqongophala imali, okanye ikhonkco labo lokuvuma lide. Isizathu ngasinye sifuna impendulo eyahlukileyo. Ukwazi ukuba sesiphi ojongene naso kukuxelela ukuba uthumele ubungqina, ulandele umsayino okanye uzikhusele kumngcipheko wetyala.

Isizathu	Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo	Into encedayo
Ingxabano ngomgangatho okanye ivalution	Izinto zisuswe kwisatifikethi, iziphene ziphakanyiswe emva kwexesha.	Iifoto, amangeniso edayari yesiza, ii-variation order ezisayiniweyo.
Amaphepha acothayo	Isatifikethi sikhutshwe emva kwexesha, amaxwebhu axhasayo angekhoyo.	Amabango apheleleyo, angeniswe ngexesha, enobungqina.
Ukunqongophala kwemali komthengi	Izizathu, iintlawulo eziyinxalenye, ukulinda intengiso okanye ukukhutshwa kwemali ebhankini.	Uhlolo lwetyala, iziqinisekiso zentlawulo, imijikelo emifutshane yentlawulo.
Ikhonkco elide lokuvuma	Ukusayina okuninzi, imibuzo yeqela lezemali.	Yazi inkqubo kwangaphambili, landela kwinqanaba ngalinye.

Abaphuhlisi abaxhasa ulwakhiwo ngemali ekhutshwa yibhanki bahlala behlawula emva kwexesha xa i-quantity surveyor yebhanki ingekasayini. Buza ngolwakhiwo lwenkxaso-mali phambi kokuba usayine.

Indlela yokuthintela iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo

Olona khuseleko lungcono ngokuchasene nentlawulo efike emva kwexesha lubekwa phambi kokuba umsebenzi uqale: imiqathango yentlawulo ecacileyo kwikhontrakthi, amabango apheleleyo inyanga nganye, nenkqubo emiselweyo yokulandela. Uninzi lweentlawulo ezifike emva kwexesha eziba ziingxabano zaqala njengebango elingaphelelanga okanye utshintsho olungasayinwanga. La manyathelo anciphisa loo mngcipheko kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi ye-JBCC, NEC okanye GCC.

Phambi kokuba usayine:

Jonga ixesha lentlawulo, izinga lenzala namalungelo okumisa kwi-contract data.
Buza indlela umthengi axhasa ngayo iprojekthi ngemali.
Cela isiqinisekiso sentlawulo kwimisebenzi emikhulu okanye enomngcipheko omkhulu.
Faka umngcipheko wentlawulo kwixabiso lethenda yakho.

Inyanga nganye:

Ngenisa ibango lakho ngomhla wekhontrakthi, nemilinganiselo, iifoto namangeniso edayari yesiza.
Fumana lonke utshintsho luvunywe ngokubhaliweyo phambi kokuba wenze umsebenzi.
Landelela umhla wesatifikethi nomhla wokufanela kwentlawulo kwiprojekthi nganye.
Landela iintsuku ezimbalwa phambi komhla wokufanela, hayi emva.

Xa umsebenzi utshintsha:

Xabisa utshintsho kwaye ulusayinise phambi kokuba umsebenzi uqale.
Lwongeze kwibango elilandelayo nemvume yalo incanyathiselwe.

Ngenkqubo epheleleyo yesatifikethi, bona isikhokelo sesatifikethi sentlawulo se-JBCC. Ngocwangciso olubanzi, bona ulawulo lwemali ejikelezayo yolwakhiwo eMzantsi Afrika.

Usalandelela izatifikethi zentlawulo ne-retention kwi-spreadsheet? I-Wakha iqhuba iintlawulo zenkqubela phantsi kwe-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, ii-variation order neziko lolawulo lwemali ejikelezayo kwisoftware enye eyakhelwe abakhi baseMzantsi Afrika: bona idemo yemveliso.

Umele wenze ntoni xa umthengi ehlawula emva kwexesha?

Xa umthengi ehlawula emva kwexesha, thatha amanyathelo ngokulandelelana: thumela isaziso esisesikweni, banga inzala, nyusa ngokubhaliweyo, emva koko usebenzise izilungiso ezikwikhontrakthi yakho ezifana ne-adjudication okanye ukumisa. Landela inkqubo yezaziso yekhontrakthi yakho ncam. Isilungiso esisetyenziswe ngaphandle kwesaziso esifanelekileyo sinokukwenza waphule ikhontrakthi. Fumana icebiso lezomthetho phambi kokuba umise umsebenzi.

Inyathelo	Nini	Into omele uyenze
1. Isikhumbuzo	Iintsuku ezimbalwa phambi komhla wokufanela	Qinisekisa inombolo yesatifikethi, isixa nomhla wokufanela.
2. Isaziso esisesikweni	Usuku emva komhla wokufanela	Isaziso esibhaliweyo kumthengi nakwi-principal agent, ucaphula igatya lekhontrakthi.
3. Ibango lenzala	Nesaziso	Chaza izinga nendlela inzala ebalwa ngayo.
4. Ukunyusa	Ukuba isengahlawulwanga	Bhalela abaphathi abaphezulu bomthengi nembali yentlawulo.
5. Adjudication	Ukuba isixa siyaphikiswa okanye asihlawulwanga	Thumela ingxabano phantsi kwegatya le-adjudication lekhontrakthi yakho.
6. Ukumisa	Kuphela ukuba ikhontrakthi iyakuvumela	Nika isaziso esibhaliweyo esifunekayo, emva koko umise kwaye urekhode imihla.

Isaziso esisesikweni. Sebenzisa umgca wesihloko ocacileyo, ofana nothi “Overdue payment, certificate 7”. Caphula ikhontrakthi, isatifikethi, isixa, umhla wokufanela neentsuku ezigqithileyo. Gcina ikopi nobungqina bokuhanjiswa.

I-adjudication. I-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC zonke zibonelela nge-adjudication. Isigqibo se-adjudicator ngokuqhelekileyo siyabopha side sitshintshwe yi-arbitration okanye yinkundla, kwaye iinkundla ngokubanzi ziyasinyanzelisa. Siyakhawuleza kwaye sitshiphu kunokuya enkundleni.

Ukumisa. Jonga ixesha lesaziso nemiqathango kwikhontrakthi yakho kuqala. Rekhoda umhla owamisa ngawo nomhla owaphinda waqala ngawo. Ukumisa kongeza uxinzelelo, kodwa kukwamisa ingeniso yakho, ngoko kusebenzise ngononophelo.

Kutheni ii-spreadsheet zisilela ukulandelela iintlawulo

Ii-spreadsheet ziyasilela ukulandelela iintlawulo zolwakhiwo kuba azazi ukuba sesiphi isatifikethi esifanelekileyo, sesiphi esigqithileyo okanye yeyiphi i-retention elungele ukukhululwa. Xa umthengi ebuza ngomgca othile, ubungqina bukwi-imeyile, kwi-WhatsApp nasephepheni. Ixesha elichithwa ukubufumana lixesha imali ehlala ngalo kwi-akhawunti yomthengi.

Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo:

Izatifikethi zakhiwe kwiifayile ezahlukeneyo kwiprojekthi nganye, zineempazamo zeefomula.
Akukho silumkiso xa intlawulo idlula umhla wayo wokufanela.
Izixa ze-retention zilandelelwa ngesandla.
Iimvume zotshintsho neefoto zesiza zigcinwe kwenye indawo.

Isisombululo yirekhodi enye kwiprojekthi nganye edibanisa ibango, isatifikethi, utshintsho, i-retention nobungqina, nemihla yokufanela onokuyibona kuzo zonke iisayithi.

Isishwankathelo

Intlawulo efike emva kwexesha yingxaki yekhontrakthi phambi kokuba ibe yingxaki yemali. Yazi ixesha lentlawulo, izinga lenzala nezilungiso ezikwi-contract data yakho. Ngenisa amabango apheleleyo ngexesha, sayinisa utshintsho kuqala, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo ngosuku emva kokuba intlawulo ifanele. Oonokontraka abalandela kwangethuba nangokubhaliweyo bahlawulwa ngokukhawuleza.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Yintoni intlawulo elibazisekileyo kulwakhiwo?

Intlawulo elibazisekileyo sisixa esiqinisekisiweyo okanye esifanelekileyo phantsi kwekhontrakthi yokwakha umthengi angasihlawulanga ngomhla okwikhontrakthi. EMzantsi Afrika, loo mhla uvela kwi-contract data ye-JBCC, NEC okanye GCC. Xa intlawulo ifike emva kwexesha, unokontraka ngokuqhelekileyo unokubanga inzala kwaye asebenzise izilungiso zekhontrakthi.

Yintoni ixesha lentlawulo elifanelekileyo lomsebenzi wolwakhiwo eMzantsi Afrika?

Akukho xesha linye elisemthethweni lomsebenzi wabucala, ngoko kusebenza ixesha elikwikhontrakthi yakho esayiniweyo. Abathengi becandelo likarhulumente ngokubanzi kufuneka bahlawule ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30 emva kokufumana i-invoyisi phantsi kwe-PFMA Treasury Regulations ne-MFMA, ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela. Jonga i-contract data yakho phambi kokuba usayine kwaye ufake naliphi na ixesha elide lentlawulo kwixabiso lethenda yakho.

Ndingayibiza inzala kwiintlawulo ezifike emva kwexesha?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ewe. Ikhontrakthi yakho ibeka izinga lenzala. Ukuba ithe cwaka, izinga eliphantsi kwe-Prescribed Rate of Interest Act 55 of 1975 ngokuqhelekileyo liyasebenza. Elo zinga linxulunyaniswe ne-repo rate kwaye liyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Bala inzala ukusuka kumhla wokufanela ukuya kumhla wentlawulo kwaye uyibange ngokubhaliweyo.

Ndimele ndenze ntoni ukuba umthengi uphikisa isatifikethi sentlawulo?

Cela izinto eziphikiswayo ngokubhaliweyo, kwaye ucele umthengi ukuba ahlawule inxalenye engaphikiswayo ngelixa enye isonjululwa. Phendula umbuzo ngamnye ngemilinganiselo, iifoto, amangeniso edayari yesiza notshintsho olusayiniweyo. Ukuba ingxabano ayisonjululwa, yithumele kwi-adjudication phantsi kwegatya lokusonjululwa kweengxabano lekhontrakthi yakho.

Unokontraka angawumisa umsebenzi ukuba akahlawulwanga eMzantsi Afrika?

Kuphela ukuba ikhontrakthi iyakuvumela kwaye ulandela inkqubo yayo yezaziso. Uninzi lweenguqulelo ze-JBCC ne-GCC lunika unokontraka ilungelo lokumisa emva kwesaziso xa intlawulo ingenziwanga. Jonga uhlelo lwakho. I-NEC ithembele ngakumbi kwinzala, i-adjudication nokupheliswa. Ukumisa ngaphandle kwelungelo lekhontrakthi kunokukwenza waphule ikhontrakthi, ngoko fumana icebiso lezomthetho kuqala.

Amanqaku anxulumeneyo: