JBCC vs NEC vs GCC: Yeyiphi Ikhontrakthi ka-2026?

Uhlobo lwekhontrakthi olungalunganga, kwaye ubeka emngciphekweni ukulibaziseka kweentlawulo, izatifikethi eziphikiswayo nokukhutshwa ethendeni. EMzantsi Afrika, iiseti ezintathu zeekhontrakthi zezona ziphambili: JBCC (Joint Building Contracts Committee), NEC (New Engineering Contract) ne-GCC (General Conditions of Contract). Nganye isebenzela amacandelo ahlukeneyo, yaba umngcipheko ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye isebenzisa iinkqubo zentlawulo ezahlukeneyo. Oonokontraka nabaphuhlisi abaninzi bangena kwiingxabano, iintlawulo ezifike emva kwexesha nokugqithiswa kweendleko nje kuba abazange bahambelanise ikhontrakthi neprojekthi okanye nomthengi.

Esi sikhokelo sithelekisa iikhontrakthi ze-JBCC vs NEC vs GCC kwimeko yaseMzantsi Afrika: nini ukusebenzisa nganye, indlela izatifikethi zentlawulo notshintsho ezisebenza ngayo phantsi kwenkqubo nganye, nendlela yokuzilawula ungatshoni kwii-spreadsheet.

Kutheni Ukukhetha Uhlobo Lwekhontrakthi Kubalulekile

Uhlobo lwekhontrakthi olukhethayo lubeka isiseko sendlela iprojekthi yakho eza kulawulwa ngayo, indlela iingxabano eziza kusonjululwa ngayo nendlela iintlawulo eziza kuhamba ngayo. Ukuba uyenza kakubi, uya kujongana:

Nokulibaziseka kweentlawulo, Iikhontrakthi ezahlukeneyo zineenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zezatifikethi zentlawulo. Ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungalunganga kunokudala ukudideka nokulibaziseka.
Nokunyuka kweengxabano, Ikhontrakthi nganye ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusombulula iingxabano. Ezinye zinentshabalala ngakumbi, ezinye zinentsebenziswano ngakumbi.
Nokwabiwa okungalunganga komngcipheko, Iikhontrakthi zaba umngcipheko ngokwahlukileyo. Ukusebenzisa ikhontrakthi engahambelaniyo nohlobo lweprojekthi yakho kunokukushiya usemngciphekweni.
Nemiba yokuthobela, Iiprojekthi zecandelo likarhulumente zihlala zinyanzelisa iifom ezithile zekhontrakthi. Ukusebenzisa engalunganga kunokukhupha ithenda yakho.

EMzantsi Afrika, ukukhetha ikhontrakthi akukokukhetha nje, kuhlala kumiselwa luhlobo lweprojekthi, icandelo lomthengi neemfuno zemithetho. Ukuqonda le miqobo kukunceda ukhethe ikhontrakthi efanelekileyo kwaye uyilawule ngempumelelo.

Isishwankathelo Seekhontrakthi Zolwakhiwo ZaseMzantsi Afrika

Phambi kokungena kuthelekiso, nanku umbono okhawulezayo weseti nganye yekhontrakthi nalapho isetyenziswa khona kwimarike yaseMzantsi Afrika.

I-JBCC: Umgangatho weCandelo Labucala

Iseti ye-Joint Building Contracts Committee (JBCC) lolona hlobo lwekhontrakthi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo labucala laseMzantsi Afrika. Yenzelwe imisebenzi yokwakha, ulwakhiwo lwezindlu, lorhwebo nolwezoshishino, kwaye ithandwa ngabaphuhlisi bepropati, abathengi babucala noonokontraka abasebenza kwiiprojekthi zabucala.

Iikhontrakthi eziphambili ze-JBCC:

Principal Building Agreement (PBA): ikhontrakthi ephambili yemisebenzi yokwakha, eyenzelwe iiprojekthi ezintsonkothileyo ezithatha ngaphezu kweenyanga ezilithoba okanye ezinexabiso lekhontrakthi elingaphezu kwe-R5 million
Minor Works Agreement: ikhontrakthi eyenziwe lula yeeprojekthi ezilula ezingagqithi kwiinyanga ezilithoba nezingagqithi kwi-R5 million
Nominated/Selected Subcontract Agreement, Yokulawula ii-subcontractor phantsi kweeprojekthi ze-JBCC

Apho i-JBCC isetyenziswa khona:

Uphuhliso lwezindlu lwabucala
Iiprojekthi zokwakha zorhwebo
Ulwakhiwo lwezoshishino
Iiprojekthi zophuhliso lwepropati
Iziseko zophuhliso zecandelo labucala (apho kungamiselwanga ngenye indlela)

Isabelo semarike: I-JBCC iyalawula imisebenzi yokwakha yecandelo labucala, ngesabelo semarike esiqikelelwa kwi-60–70% kwiiprojekthi zolwakhiwo zabucala.

I-NEC: Umgangatho weCandelo Likarhulumente noBunjineli

Iseti ye-New Engineering Contract (NEC) iya isanda ukuthandwa kwicandelo likarhulumente laseMzantsi Afrika nakwiiprojekthi zobunjineli. Ekuqaleni yaphuhliswa e-UK, i-NEC4 yamkelwe ngamaqumrhu amakhulu karhulumente (parastatals) nee-metro zaseMzantsi Afrika kwimisebenzi yeziseko zophuhliso nobunjineli.

Iikhontrakthi eziphambili ze-NEC:

NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC), Ikhontrakthi ephambili yemisebenzi yobunjineli nolwakhiwo
NEC4 Professional Services Contract (PSC), Yabacebisi neenkonzo zobungcali
NEC4 Term Service Contract, Yeekhontrakthi zogcino neenkonzo eziqhubekayo

Apho i-NEC isetyenziswa khona:

Iiprojekthi zeendlela ze-SANRAL
Iziseko zophuhliso zombane ze-Eskom
Iiprojekthi zikaloliwe nezamazibuko ze-Transnet
Iiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso zee-metro (City of Cape Town, City of Johannesburg)
Iziseko zophuhliso zamanzi (Rand Water, oomasipala)
Iiprojekthi zobunjineli ezifuna ukusebenzisana

Isabelo semarike: I-NEC ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwicandelo likarhulumente, ngakumbi kwiiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso nobunjineli. Kuqikelelwa ukuba imele i-20–30% yeekhontrakthi zecandelo likarhulumente.

I-GCC: Umgangatho kaRhulumente

I-General Conditions of Contract for Construction Works (GCC) ipapashwa yi-South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE). Amasebe esizwe nawephondo noomasipala abaninzi bayichaza kwimisebenzi kawonke-wonke, ikakhulu iikhontrakthi zobunjineli bomphakathi nezobunjineli. I-cidb Standard for Uniformity in Construction Procurement iyidwelisa phakathi kweefom eziqhelekileyo ezinokusetyenziswa ngabathengi bakarhulumente, ecaleni kwe-JBCC, NEC ne-FIDIC.

Iinguqulelo eziphambili ze-GCC:

GCC 2015, uhlelo olusabhalwe kwiikhontrakthi ezininzi zikawonke-wonke eziqhubekayo
GCC 2025, uhlelo olutsha lwe-SAICE olwaphehlelelwa ngo-2025, olunemithetho engqongqo ngakumbi ngemiyalelo ebhaliweyo, amabango nentlawulo efike emva kwexesha

Izatifikethi zentlawulo ze-GCC ikakhulu ziyinkxalabo yonokontraka wobunjineli bomphakathi. Imveliso yethu engudade iSakha iyazigubungela ngokunzulu: bona inkqubo yesatifikethi sentlawulo se-GCC, izatifikethi zentlawulo ze-GCC 2015 vs GCC 2025 nesikhokelo esibanzi se-software yobunjineli bomphakathi eMzantsi Afrika.

Apho i-GCC isetyenziswa khona:

Iiprojekthi zamasebe karhulumente wesizwe
Imisebenzi karhulumente wephondo
Iiprojekthi zikamasipala (apho kungasetyenziswa i-NEC)
Iiprojekthi zesiqhelo ze-measure-and-value

Isabelo semarike: I-GCC isaphambili kwiiprojekthi zamasebe karhulumente, imele malunga ne-40–50% yeekhontrakthi zecandelo likarhulumente, nangona i-NEC ifumana indawo.

Uthelekiso Oluneenkcukacha: JBCC vs NEC vs GCC

Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi fom zekhontrakthi kukunceda ukhethe efanelekileyo kwaye uyilawule ngempumelelo. Nanku uthelekiso ecaleni kwenye lwezinto eziphambili.

Iindlela Zentlawulo

Inkqubo Yentlawulo ye-JBCC:

I-JBCC isebenzisa inkqubo yesiqhelo yezatifikethi zentlawulo zethutyana. I-principal agent (umyili wezakhiwo okanye i-quantity surveyor) ikhupha izatifikethi zentlawulo zethutyana inyanga nganye, iqinisekisa umsebenzi ogqityiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Iintlawulo ngokuqhelekileyo:

Zikhutshwa inyanga nganye ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi ogqityiweyo
Ziquka i-retention (ngokuqhelekileyo i-5–10%)
Zibandakanya utshintsho nohlengahlengiso
Zihlawulwa ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezili-14–21 emva kokukhutshwa kwesatifikethi

Inkqubo yentlawulo ye-JBCC ilula kodwa inokucotha ukuba izatifikethi azikhutshwa ngokukhawuleza. Oonokontraka bathembele ekukhutshweni kwezatifikethi ngexesha ukuze babe nemali ejikelezayo.

Inkqubo Yentlawulo ye-NEC:

I-NEC isebenzisa inkqubo yentlawulo esekelwe kwimisebenzi okanye kwi-target cost, ngokuxhomekeke kwi-option yekhontrakthi ekhethiweyo. Iintlawulo ngokuqhelekileyo:

Zisekelwe kwimisebenzi egqityiweyo okanye kwiipesenti ze-target cost
Ziquka inkqubo yesilumkiso sangethuba yokugqithiswa kweendleko okunokwenzeka
Imijikelo yentlawulo ehlala ikhawuleza (ngokuqhelekileyo emva kweeveki ezimbini)
Indlela yentsebenziswano enomngcipheko owabelwanayo

Inkqubo yentlawulo ye-NEC yenzelwe ukukhawuleza nokusebenzisana ngakumbi, iinkqubo zesilumkiso sangethuba zincedisa ukuthintela iingxabano phambi kokuba zinyuke.

Inkqubo Yentlawulo ye-GCC:

I-GCC isebenzisa inkqubo yesiqhelo yentlawulo ye-measure-and-value, efana ne-JBCC kodwa inomahluko othile:

Izatifikethi zentlawulo zenyanga ezisekelwe kumsebenzi olinganisiweyo
I-retention ngokuqhelekileyo i-5–10%
Intlawulo ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30 emva kwesatifikethi (inde kune-JBCC)
Inkqubo yokulinganisa esesikweni ngakumbi

Iintlawulo ze-GCC zinokucotha ngenxa yeemfuno zokulinganisa ezisesikweni nemiqathango yentlawulo emide.

Ukwabiwa Komngcipheko

Ukwabiwa Komngcipheko kwi-JBCC:

I-JBCC ilandela imodeli yesiqhelo yokwaba umngcipheko:

Umngcipheko kanokontraka: Ubugcisa, izixhobo, ukulibaziseka kwexesha (ngaphandle kokuba kunesizathu esamkelekileyo), ukugqithiswa kweendleko
Umngcipheko womthengi: Iimpazamo zoyilo (ukuba umthengi unikezela ngoyilo), i-force majeure, iimeko zomhlaba (ukuba azichazwanga)
Umngcipheko owabelwanayo: Utshintsho, ukulibaziseka okubangelwe ngumthengi okanye iarhente

I-JBCC ilungelelene kakuhle kodwa inokuba nentshabalala xa kuvela iingxabano, kuba ukwabiwa komngcipheko kuhlala kutolikwa ngokungqongqo.

Ukwabiwa Komngcipheko kwi-NEC:

I-NEC isebenzisa indlela yentsebenziswano ngakumbi yokwabelana ngomngcipheko:

Inkqubo yesilumkiso sangethuba, Omabini amaqela kufuneka azise ngeengxaki ezinokwenzeka
Ii-compensation events, Iziganeko ezichaziweyo eziqalisa uhlengahlengiso lwexesha neendleko
Umngcipheko owabelwanayo, Ugxininiso olungakumbi ekusombululeni iingxaki ngentsebenziswano
Ukungafihli, Unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo nokwabelana ngomngcipheko

I-NEC yenzelwe ukunciphisa iingxabano ngesilumkiso sangethuba nokusebenzisana, nangona ifuna ulawulo lwekhontrakthi olusebenzayo ngakumbi. Kumsebenzi wobunjineli bomphakathi neziseko zophuhliso, ii-compensation events ziqhuba uninzi lwamabango e-NEC; isikhokelo seSakha see-NEC compensation events eMzantsi Afrika sichaza izaziso nee-time bar.

Ukwabiwa Komngcipheko kwi-GCC:

I-GCC ilandela imodeli yesiqhelo yomngcipheko ebeka umthwalo omkhulu kunokontraka:

Umngcipheko kanokontraka: Uninzi lwemingcipheko yeprojekthi, kuquka iimeko zomhlaba, ukulibaziseka ngenxa yemozulu, ukugqithiswa kweendleko
Umngcipheko womthengi: Umncinci, ikakhulu iimpazamo zoyilo ne-force majeure
Inkqubo esesikweni, Ukutolikwa okungqongqo kwemiqathango yekhontrakthi

I-GCC ithanda ukwaba umngcipheko omkhulu kunokontraka, nto leyo enokuyenza ibe nzima koonokontraka kodwa inike ukuqiniseka okungakumbi kubathengi.

Ukusonjululwa Kweengxabano

Ukusonjululwa Kweengxabano kwi-JBCC:

I-JBCC isebenzisa inkqubo yesiqhelo yokusombulula iingxabano:

Isigqibo se-Principal Agent, Isigqibo sokuqala se-principal agent
Adjudication, Ingathunyelwa kwi-adjudication kwiingxabano
Arbitration, Isisombululo sokugqibela nge-arbitration
Litigation, Ingaya eenkundleni ukuba i-arbitration iyasilela

Inkqubo inokucotha kwaye ibe nentshabalala, iingxabano zihlala zinyuka ziye kwi-arbitration okanye kwi-litigation.

Ukusonjululwa Kweengxabano kwi-NEC:

I-NEC inenkqubo ecwangciswe ngakumbi yokusombulula iingxabano:

Isilumkiso sangethuba, Iingxaki zichongwa kwangethuba ngenkqubo yesilumkiso
Isigqibo se-Project Manager, Isigqibo sokuqala se-project manager
Adjudication, Iingxabano zithunyelwa kwi-adjudication (ikhawuleza kune-arbitration)
Arbitration/Litigation, Isisombululo sokugqibela ukuba kuyimfuneko

Inkqubo yesilumkiso sangethuba ye-NEC incedisa ukuthintela iingxabano, kwaye i-adjudication ngokuqhelekileyo ikhawuleza kune-arbitration.

Ukusonjululwa Kweengxabano kwi-GCC:

I-GCC isebenzisa inkqubo esesikweni yokusombulula iingxabano:

Isigqibo se-Engineer, Isigqibo sokuqala se-engineer
Dispute Adjudication Board, Ingasebenzisa i-DAB kwiingxabano
Arbitration, Isisombululo sokugqibela nge-arbitration
Litigation, Ingaya eenkundleni

Inkqubo ye-GCC isesikweni kwaye inokucotha, iingxabano zihlala zifuna i-arbitration.

Iimeko Eziqhelekileyo Zokusetyenziswa

I-JBCC Ilungele:

Uphuhliso lwezindlu lwabucala
Iiprojekthi zokwakha zorhwebo
Uphuhliso lwepropati (ukusuka ekuhloleni ukwenzeka ukuya ekunikezeleni)
Iiprojekthi apho umthengi efuna ikhontrakthi yesiqhelo eyaziwa kakuhle
Imisebenzi yokwakha (hayi ubunjineli/iziseko zophuhliso)
Iiprojekthi ezinomsebenzi ocacileyo notshintsho olulindelekileyo olumbalwa

I-NEC Ilungele:

Iiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso zecandelo likarhulumente
Imisebenzi yobunjineli (iindlela, iibhulorho, iziseko zophuhliso zamanzi)
Iiprojekthi ezifuna ukusebenzisana
Iiprojekthi ezintsonkothileyo ezinokwenzeka kakhulu kotshintsho
Iiprojekthi apho isilumkiso sangethuba nolawulo lomngcipheko zibalulekile
Iiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso zee-parastatal nee-metro

I-GCC Ilungele:

Iiprojekthi zamasebe karhulumente (enyanzelisiweyo)
Iiprojekthi zesiqhelo ze-measure-and-value
Iiprojekthi apho indlela esesikweni neyesiqhelo ifunekayo
Imisebenzi yecandelo likarhulumente enyanzeliswe yi-CIDB
Iiprojekthi ezinomsebenzi ocacileyo nobunzima obuncinci
Iziseko zophuhliso zikarhulumente apho kuchazwe i-GCC

Iintlobo Zeeprojekthi

Iintlobo Zeeprojekthi ze-JBCC:

Izindlu nezakhiwo ezininzi zokuhlala
Izakhiwo zee-ofisi zorhwebo
Amaziko okuthenga
Oovimba bezoshishino
Iiprojekthi zophuhliso lwepropati
Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhiwo nokufakelwa kwangaphakathi

Iintlobo Zeeprojekthi ze-NEC:

Ukwakhiwa nokuphuculwa kweendlela
Ukwakhiwa kweebhulorho
Iziseko zophuhliso zamanzi namanzi amdaka
Iziseko zophuhliso zombane
Iziseko zophuhliso zikaloliwe
Iziseko zophuhliso zamazibuko
Iiprojekthi zobunjineli ezifuna intsebenziswano

Iintlobo Zeeprojekthi ze-GCC:

Iiprojekthi zokwakha zikarhulumente
Iziseko zophuhliso zikamasipala
Iziseko zophuhliso zephondo
Iiprojekthi zamasebe esizwe
Imisebenzi yolwakhiwo yesiqhelo
Iiprojekthi zecandelo likarhulumente ezilawulwa yi-CIDB

Itafile Yothelekiso: JBCC vs NEC vs GCC

Into	JBCC	NEC	GCC
Ukusetyenziswa Okuphambili	Imisebenzi yokwakha yecandelo labucala	Ubunjineli/iziseko zophuhliso zecandelo likarhulumente	Iiprojekthi zamasebe karhulumente
Isabelo Semarike	60–70% icandelo labucala	20–30% icandelo likarhulumente	40–50% icandelo likarhulumente
Ukuphindaphinda Kwentlawulo	Izatifikethi zenyanga	Emva kweeveki ezimbini (ngokuqhelekileyo)	Izatifikethi zenyanga
Imiqathango Yentlawulo	Iintsuku ezili-14–21	Iyahluka ngokwe-option	Iintsuku ezingama-30
Isiseko Sentlawulo	Umsebenzi ogqityiweyo (lump sum)	Imisebenzi/target cost	Measure and value
I-Retention	5–10% eqhelekileyo	Iyahluka ngokwe-option	5–10% eqhelekileyo
Ukwabiwa Komngcipheko	Yesiqhelo elungelelanisiweyo	Intsebenziswano/okwabelwanayo	Umthwalo omkhulu kunokontraka
Ukusonjululwa Kweengxabano	Adjudication → Arbitration	Isilumkiso sangethuba → Adjudication	DAB → Arbitration
Inkqubo Yotshintsho	Ii-variation order ezisesikweni	Ii-compensation events	Ii-variation order ezisesikweni
Inkqubo Yesilumkiso Sangethuba	Hayi	Ewe (inyanzelekile)	Hayi
Indlela Yentsebenziswano	Iphakathi	Iphezulu	Iphantsi
Ubunzima	Buphakathi	Buphezulu	Buphakathi
Ixabiso Leprojekthi Eliqhelekileyo	R500K – R100M+	R10M – R1B+	R1M – R500M+
Ilungele	Iiprojekthi zokwakha zabucala	Iziseko zophuhliso/ubunjineli bukawonke-wonke	Imisebenzi yamasebe karhulumente
Ulawulo Lwekhontrakthi	Principal Agent	Project Manager	Engineer
Ukwandiswa Kwexesha	Ukulibaziseka okunesizathu esamkelekileyo	Ii-compensation events	Amabango e-extension of time

Nini Ukusebenzisa Ikhontrakthi Ethile

Sebenzisa i-JBCC Xa:

Usebenza kwicandelo labucala, I-JBCC ngumgangatho wemisebenzi yokwakha yabucala
Iprojekthi yakho yeyokwakha, Izakhiwo zokuhlala, zorhwebo okanye zezoshishino
Ufuna ikhontrakthi eyaziwa kakuhle, I-JBCC yaziwa luninzi loonokontraka baseMzantsi Afrika
Umthengi wakho ukhetha indlela yesiqhelo, Abathengi abaninzi babucala bakhululekile nge-JBCC
Wenza uphuhliso lwepropati, I-JBCC isebenza kakuhle kwiiprojekthi zophuhliso
Umsebenzi weprojekthi ucacile, I-JBCC isebenza ngcono xa utshintsho lumbalwa

Imizekelo yeeprojekthi: Uphuhliso lwe-estate yezindlu, isakhiwo see-ofisi zorhwebo, iziko lokuthenga, ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokugcina.

Sebenzisa i-NEC Xa:

Usebenzela ii-parastatal okanye ii-metro, I-SANRAL, Eskom, Transnet, City of Cape Town, City of Johannesburg zihlala zinyanzelisa i-NEC
Iprojekthi yakho yeyeziseko zophuhliso okanye yobunjineli, Iindlela, iibhulorho, iziseko zophuhliso zamanzi, iiprojekthi zombane
Ufuna ukusebenzisana, Inkqubo yesilumkiso sangethuba ye-NEC ikhuthaza intsebenziswano
Iprojekthi yakho inokwenzeka kakhulu kotshintsho, I-NEC iphatha utshintsho ngee-compensation events
Ufuna iintlawulo ezikhawulezayo, Imijikelo yentlawulo ye-NEC ihlala ikhawuleza
Ulawulo lomngcipheko lubalulekile, Inkqubo yesilumkiso sangethuba ye-NEC incedisa ukulawula imingcipheko kwangaphambili

Imizekelo yeeprojekthi: Ukuphuculwa kwendlela ye-SANRAL, i-substation ye-Eskom, iziseko zophuhliso zamanzi ze-metro, iziseko zophuhliso zikaloliwe.

Sebenzisa i-GCC Xa:

Usebenzela amasebe karhulumente, I-GCC ihlala inyanzeliswa kwiiprojekthi zikarhulumente wesizwe/wephondo
Iprojekthi yakho ilawulwa yi-CIDB, I-GCC ifunwa kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ze-CIDB
Wenza umsebenzi wesiqhelo we-measure-and-value, I-GCC ifanelana neeprojekthi zesiqhelo zokulinganisa
Umthengi wakho uchaza i-GCC, Abanye abathengi banyanzelisa i-GCC ukuze kubekho ukungaguquguquki
Ukhululekile ngomngcipheko omkhulu kunokontraka, I-GCC yaba umngcipheko omkhulu koonokontraka
Kufuneka iinkqubo ezisesikweni, I-GCC inika ulawulo lwekhontrakthi olusesikweni nolwesiqhelo

Imizekelo yeeprojekthi: Iprojekthi yokwakha kakarhulumente, iziseko zophuhliso zikamasipala, imisebenzi yeendlela yephondo, ulwakhiwo lwesebe lesizwe.

Izatifikethi Zentlawulo Phantsi Kohlobo Ngalunye Lwekhontrakthi

Ukuqonda indlela izatifikethi zentlawulo ezisebenza ngayo phantsi kohlobo ngalunye lwekhontrakthi kubalulekile kwimali ejikelezayo. Ngamanyathelo athile e-JBCC, bona isikhokelo sethu sesatifikethi sentlawulo se-JBCC. Ngombono obanzi, bona izatifikethi zentlawulo yenkqubela eMzantsi Afrika. Ngezantsi yindlela inkqubo nganye ephatha ngayo ukuqinisekisa.

Izatifikethi Zentlawulo ze-JBCC

Inkqubo:

Ivalution yenyanga, Unokontraka ungenisa ibango lenyanga lomsebenzi ogqityiweyo
Uvavanyo lwe-Principal Agent, I-Principal Agent (umyili wezakhiwo okanye i-QS) ivavanya umsebenzi kwaye ikhuphe i-Interim Payment Certificate (IPC)
Iziqulatho zesatifikethi, I-IPC iquka:
- Umsebenzi ogqityiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku
- Izixhobo ezisesizeni
- Ukutsalwa kwe-retention (ngokuqhelekileyo i-5–10%)
- Iintlawulo zangaphambili
- Isixa esisulungekileyo esifanelekileyo
Intlawulo, Umthengi uhlawula ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezili-14–21 emva kokukhutshwa kwesatifikethi
Isatifikethi sokugqibela, Emva kokugqitywa okusebenzayo, kukhutshwa i-Final Payment Certificate

Iimpawu eziphambili:

Izatifikethi zikhutshwa inyanga nganye
I-retention ikhululwa ngamanqanaba (isiqingatha ekugqityweni okusebenzayo, isiqingatha ekupheleni kwe-defects liability period)
Utshintsho lufakwa kwizatifikethi xa luvunyiwe
Imiqathango yentlawulo: iintsuku ezili-14–21 ukusuka ekukhutshweni kwesatifikethi

Imiceli mngeni:

Ukulibaziseka ukuba i-Principal Agent ayikhuphi izatifikethi ngokukhawuleza
Iingxabano ngevalution zinokulibazisa iintlawulo
I-retention inokubamba imali ejikelezayo eninzi

Izatifikethi Zentlawulo ze-NEC

Inkqubo:

Ukugqitywa kwemisebenzi, Unokontraka ugqiba imisebenzi (okanye afikelele kumanqaku e-target cost)
Uvavanyo lwe-Project Manager, I-Project Manager ivavanya umsebenzi ogqityiweyo
Isatifikethi sentlawulo, I-Project Manager ikhupha isatifikethi sentlawulo (ngokuqhelekileyo emva kweeveki ezimbini)
Iziqulatho zesatifikethi, Ziquka:
- Ixabiso lemisebenzi egqityiweyo
- Ipesenti ye-target cost (ukuba yi-Option C/D)
- I-retention (ukuba iyasebenza)
- Iintlawulo zangaphambili
- Isixa esisulungekileyo esifanelekileyo
Intlawulo, Umthengi uhlawula ngaphakathi kwexesha lentlawulo elichazwe kwikhontrakthi
I-final account, I-final account ilungiswa emva kokugqitywa

Iimpawu eziphambili:

Imijikelo yentlawulo ehlala ikhawuleza (ngokuqhelekileyo emva kweeveki ezimbini)
Isiseko semisebenzi okanye se-target cost
Inkqubo yesilumkiso sangethuba incedisa ukuthintela iingxabano zentlawulo
Indlela yentsebenziswano inciphisa ukulibaziseka

Imiceli mngeni:

Inzima ngakumbi ukuyilawula (ifuna ukulandelelwa kwemisebenzi)
Ifuna ukubandakanyeka okusebenzayo kwe-Project Manager
Ii-option ze-target cost zifuna ukulandelelwa kweendleko

Izatifikethi Zentlawulo ze-GCC

Inkqubo:

Ukulinganisa kwenyanga, I-Engineer ilinganisa umsebenzi ogqityiweyo ngexesha lenyanga
Isatifikethi se-Engineer, I-Engineer ikhupha isatifikethi sentlawulo senyanga
Iziqulatho zesatifikethi, Ziquka:
- Ixabiso lomsebenzi olinganisiweyo
- Izixhobo ezisesizeni
- Ukutsalwa kwe-retention (ngokuqhelekileyo i-5–10%)
- Iintlawulo zangaphambili
- Isixa esisulungekileyo esifanelekileyo
Intlawulo, Umthengi uhlawula ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30 emva kokukhutshwa kwesatifikethi
Isatifikethi sokugqibela, Emva kokugqitywa, kukhutshwa i-Final Payment Certificate

Iimpawu eziphambili:

Inkqubo yokulinganisa esesikweni
Izatifikethi zenyanga
I-retention ikhululwa ngamanqanaba
Imiqathango yentlawulo: iintsuku ezingama-30 (inde kune-JBCC)

Imiceli mngeni:

Imiqathango yentlawulo ecothayo (iintsuku ezingama-30)
Ukulinganisa okusesikweni kunokuthatha ixesha
Iingxabano ngokulinganisa zinokulibazisa iintlawulo

Kutheni Ii-spreadsheet Nezixhobo Ezingadibananga Zingoneli

Ukulawula iikhontrakthi ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC ngee-spreadsheet nesoftware yobalo-mali eqhelekileyo kudala umngcipheko onokuphepheka. Ikhontrakthi nganye ineefomathi ezahlukeneyo zezatifikethi, imiqathango yentlawulo, nemithetho yotshintsho okanye ye-compensation-event. Ukuqhuba iiprojekthi ezininzi kwiintlobo zeekhontrakthi kwi-Excel kukhokelela kwiimpazamo zeefomula, imihla ephosiweyo yokukhululwa kwe-retention, nezatifikethi ezingahambelaniyo neemfuno zekhontrakthi. Izixhobo zesoftware yolwakhiwo zase-US okanye zaseYurophu azifane zixhase iifom zekhontrakthi zaseMzantsi Afrika ngokwendalo; zicinga ngezakhiwo zentlawulo namagama ahlukeneyo. Koonokontraka nabaphuhlisi abaqhuba umsebenzi wabucala (JBCC) nokawonke-wonke (NEC okanye GCC), inkqubo enye yesoftware eziqondayo zontathu iintlobo zeekhontrakthi inciphisa iimpazamo kwaye igcina imali ejikelezayo ibonakala.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Ndingayisebenzisa i-JBCC kwiprojekthi yecandelo likarhulumente?

Ngokubanzi, hayi. Iiprojekthi zecandelo likarhulumente ngokuqhelekileyo zinyanzelisa nokuba yi-NEC (kwii-parastatal nee-metro) okanye i-GCC (kumasebe karhulumente). Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iiprojekthi ezincinci zecandelo likarhulumente okanye iiprojekthi ezineemfuno ezithile zinokuvumela i-JBCC. Soloko ujonga amaxwebhu ethenda, aya kuchaza uhlobo lwekhontrakthi olufunekayo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-JBCC Principal Building Agreement ne-Minor Works Agreement?

I-Principal Building Agreement (PBA) yikhontrakthi epheleleyo ye-JBCC, eyenzelwe iiprojekthi ezintsonkothileyo ezithatha ngaphezu kweenyanga ezilithoba okanye ezinexabiso lekhontrakthi elingaphezu kwe-R5 million. Iquka amalungiselelo abanzi otshintsho, ukwandiswa kwexesha nokusonjululwa kweengxabano. I-Minor Works Agreement luhlobo olwenziwe lula lweeprojekthi ezilula ezingagqithi kwiinyanga ezilithoba nezingagqithi kwi-R5 million, ineenkqubo ezilula, akukho xanduva loyilo kunokontraka, kwaye akukho zi-subcontractor ezityunjiweyo okanye ezikhethiweyo.

Kutheni ii-parastatal zikhetha i-NEC kune-GCC?

Ii-parastatal ezifana ne-SANRAL, Eskom ne-Transnet zikhetha i-NEC kuba:

Indlela yentsebenziswano, Inkqubo yesilumkiso sangethuba ye-NEC ikhuthaza intsebenziswano kwaye inciphisa iingxabano
Ulawulo olungcono lomngcipheko, Inkqubo yesilumkiso sangethuba incedisa ukuchonga nokulawula imingcipheko kwangaphambili
Iintlawulo ezikhawulezayo, Imijikelo yentlawulo ekhawulezayo iphucula imali ejikelezayo kanokontraka
Umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe, I-NEC isetyenziswa kwihlabathi jikelele, inika ukungaguquguquki koonokontraka bamazwe ngamazwe
Ukuguquguquka, I-NEC inika ii-option ezininzi zekhontrakthi (lump sum, target cost, cost reimbursable) ukufanelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeprojekthi

Ndingatshintsha uhlobo lwekhontrakthi phakathi kweprojekthi?

Hayi. Xa ikhontrakthi isayiniwe, ubotshelelwe kolo hlobo lwekhontrakthi ixesha lonke leprojekthi. Ukutshintsha uhlobo lwekhontrakthi phakathi kweprojekthi kungafuna ukupheliswa kwekhontrakthi ekhoyo nokungena kwentsha, nto leyo engafane isebenze okanye icetyiswe. Khetha uhlobo lwakho lwekhontrakthi ngononophelo ekuqaleni kweprojekthi.

Ndazi njani ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwekhontrakthi endimele ndilusebenzise?

Uhlobo lwekhontrakthi ngokuqhelekileyo luchazwa kumaxwebhu ethenda okanye kwisishwankathelo seprojekthi. Kulwakhiwo lwecandelo labucala, i-JBCC ngumgangatho; kwiziseko zophuhliso zecandelo likarhulumente, jonga ukuba umthengi unyanzelisa i-NEC okanye i-GCC. Ukuba awuqinisekanga, buza igqwetha lomthetho wolwakhiwo okanye i-quantity surveyor eziqhelileyo iifom zekhontrakthi zaseMzantsi Afrika.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndisebenzisa uhlobo lwekhontrakthi olungalunganga?

Ukusebenzisa uhlobo lwekhontrakthi olungalunganga kunokuba neziphumo ezinzulu:

Ukukhutshwa ethendeni, Iithenda zecandelo likarhulumente zihlala zikhupha iithenda ezingasebenzisi uhlobo lwekhontrakthi oluchaziweyo
Ukulibaziseka kweentlawulo, Uhlobo lwekhontrakthi olungalunganga lunokudala ukudideka nokulibaziseka kweentlawulo
Imingcipheko yeengxabano, Iifom zekhontrakthi zaba umngcipheko ngokwahlukileyo, ukusebenzisa engalunganga kunokukushiya usemngciphekweni
Imiba yokuthobela, Abathengi bakarhulumente babeka uhlobo lwekhontrakthi kwiinkcukacha zethenda, kwaye ithenda enemiqathango eyahlukileyo inokungaphenduli

Soloko usebenzisa uhlobo lwekhontrakthi oluchazwe kumaxwebhu ethenda okanye kwisivumelwano seprojekthi.

Ingaba i-Wakha ixhasa zontathu iifom zekhontrakthi?

Ewe. I-Wakha ixhasa ukuveliswa kwezatifikethi zentlawulo ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, ulawulo lotshintsho neenkqubo zolawulo lwekhontrakthi kwinkqubo enye, iineefomathi zezatifikethi ezithe ngqo kwikhontrakthi nganye.

Isiphelo

Ukukhetha uhlobo lwekhontrakthi olufanelekileyo, JBCC vs NEC vs GCC, kubalulekile ekuhambiseni iiprojekthi eMzantsi Afrika. I-JBCC iyalawula ulwakhiwo lwecandelo labucala; i-NEC iyakhula kwiziseko zophuhliso nobunjineli bukawonke-wonke; i-GCC isesona hlobo siqhelekileyo kwimisebenzi yobunjineli bomphakathi yamasebe karhulumente nooomasipala. Nganye yaba umngcipheko neenkqubo zentlawulo ngokwahlukileyo. Ukuhambelanisa ikhontrakthi neprojekthi nomthengi kuphepha ukulibaziseka kweentlawulo, iingxabano nokukhutshwa ethendeni.

Lawula izatifikethi zentlawulo ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, i-retention notshintsho ukusuka kwinkqubo enye yesoftware eyakhelwe ulwakhiwo lwaseMzantsi Afrika. Bona indlela i-Wakha exhasa ngayo zontathu iintlobo zeekhontrakthi.

Amanqaku anxulumeneyo: