Yintoni Eyenziwa Yi-Quantity Surveyor? Isikhokelo Sase-SA

Kwiprojekthi yokwakha, i-quantity surveyor ngumntu ogcina imali ithembekile. Umzobi wezakhiwo uyila isakhiwo. Injineli iqinisekisa ukuba siyema. Ikontraka iyasakha. I-quantity surveyor (QS) iyasilinganisa, isibeke ixabiso kwaye ilawule iindleko zaso, ukusuka kuqikelelo lokuqala ukuya kwi-akhawunti yokugqibela. Xa le ndima yenziwa kakuhle, ugcina i-margin yakho. Xa ishiywe kwithamsanqa, ukugqitha kweendleko kufika njengento eyothusayo.

Esi sikhokelo sichaza oko kwenziwa yi-quantity surveyor yonke imihla, apho ihlala khona kwiprojekthi, indlela uqingqo-xabiso lwenyanga olusebenza ngayo, indlela le ndima eyahluke ngayo kumqikeleli okanye kumzobi wezakhiwo, nendlela yokwazi xa uyidinga. Sibhalelwe abaphuhlisi, iikontraka nabathengi abahlala beva “buza i-QS” kwaye befuna ukwazi ukuba oko kuthetha ntoni.

Oko Kwenziwa Yi-Quantity Surveyor

I-quantity surveyor iqhuba icala leendleko nelorhwebo leprojekthi kubomi bayo bonke. Ngokwenene, umsebenzi uba yimisebenzi ephindaphindwayo kwiprojekthi nganye:

Uqikelelo nokwenzeka. Nika inani lakwangoko nelinokukhuselwa lendleko yeprojekthi, phambi kokuba nabani na azibophelele.
Amabhili e-quantities (BOQ). Linganisa umsebenzi ukusuka kwimizobo kwaye uwuguqule ube libhili elineenkcukacha iikontraka ezilibeka ixabiso kwithenda.
Ukuthenga neekontraka. Cebisa ngefom yekontraka, thelekisa iithenda kwaye ubeke ixabiso kumngcipheko.
Umlinganiselo noqingqo-xabiso. Linganisa umsebenzi owenziweyo kwisayithi kwaye uwunike ixabiso lentlawulo yenyanga.
Ii-variation namabango. Beka ixabiso kutshintsho kwaye uhlole amabango, ukuze imeko yorhwebo ihlale ilungile.
Ulawulo lweendleko neengxelo. Landela iindleko ezizibophelelweyo nezokwenene ngokuchasene nebhajethi, kwaye uqikelele indleko yokugqibela.
I-akhawunti yokugqibela. Vumelana ngexabiso lokugqibela lekontraka xa umsebenzi ugqityiwe.

Ngamazwi alula, i-QS ngumntu umlawuli amfowunelayo ebuza, “Ngaba sisaza kuyenza i-margin yethu?”

Apho I-QS Ihlala Khona: Ikontraka, Umcebisi Okanye Umphuhlisi

Igama elinye lomsebenzi ligubungela izihlalo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba uthetha ngesiphi. Babelana ngezakhono ezifanayo kodwa basebenzela abantu abahlukeneyo.

Isihlalo	Abasebenzela bani	Abagxile kuko
I-QS yekontraka	Ikontraka yokwakha	Ukuhlawulwa: ukubeka ixabiso kwiithenda, ukulinganisa umsebenzi, ukungenisa amabango entlawulo anobungqina obuqinileyo
I-QS yobungcali (PQS)	Umthengi okanye umphuhlisi	Ingcebiso ezimeleyo ngeendleko: ukwenzeka, i-BOQ, uqingqo-xabiso olululo, ulawulo lwekontraka, iingxelo kumxhasi-mali
I-QS yangaphakathi yomphuhlisi	Ishishini lophuhliso	Imeko yemali: indleko yokugqiba ngeyunithi nganye, ibhajethi ngokuchasene nendleko yokwenene, ukwenzeka kuzo zonke iiprojekthi

Uninzi lweeprojekthi lunee-QS ezimbini ezijongene nyanga nganye. I-QS yekontraka ibonisa oko kwakhiweyo. I-PQS yomthengi iyakuhlola kwaye icebise ngoko kufanele kuhlawulwe. Olo xinzelelo luluncedo. Lugcina amanani elungile kumacala omabini.

I-QS Kwiprojekthi Yonke

Eyona ndlela ilula yokuqonda le ndima kukulandela imali ukusuka kwingcamango ukuya ekunikezelweni. I-QS inomsebenzi kwinqanaba ngalinye:

Ukwenzeka. Phambi kokuba kuthengwe umhlaba, i-QS inika uqikelelo lwakwangoko lweendleko ukuze umphuhlisi avavanye ukuba amanani ayasebenza.
Uyilo ne-BOQ. Njengoko imizobo ikhula, i-QS ilinganisa umsebenzi kwaye ibhale ibhili ye-quantities.
Ithenda nokunikezelwa kwekontraka. I-QS ithelekisa iithenda ngendlela efanayo kwaye icebise ngefom yekontraka, efana ne-JBCC, NEC okanye GCC.
Ulwakhiwo. Nyanga nganye, i-QS ilinganisa umsebenzi ogqityiweyo, ibeke ixabiso kwii-variation kwaye ilungiselele uqingqo-xabiso lwentlawulo. Ikontraka igqiba ukuba ingakanani imali egciniweyo.
Ulawulo lweendleko. Ngalo lonke ixesha lokwakha, i-QS ilandela iindleko ngokuchasene nebhajethi kwaye iqikelele indleko yokugqiba. Ukugqitha kubonakala njengesilumkiso sakwangoko, hayi njengento eyothusayo ekugqibeleni. Isikhokelo sethu sokuthintela ukugqitha kweendleko zokwakha sichaza oonobangela abaqhelekileyo.
I-akhawunti yokugqibela. Xa umsebenzi ugqityiwe, i-QS ivumelana ngexabiso lokugqibela lekontraka necala elinye.

Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo. Ukuba awukwazi ukuphendula “Oku kubize malini ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, yintoni eseleyo ukuyichitha, kwaye ngaba sisekwi-margin?” nakweyiphi na iveki, unesikhewu esizaliswa yi-quantity surveyor.

Indlela Uqingqo-xabiso Lwenyanga Olusebenza Ngayo

Uqingqo-xabiso lwenyanga yindawo apho i-QS iguqula inkqubela yesayithi ibe sisixa sentlawulo. Nanku umzekelo olula weprojekthi yezindlu enemali egciniweyo eyi-10% ne-VAT eyi-15%:

Umgca	Isixa
Umsebenzi ogqityiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku (ulinganiswe kwisayithi)	R4,200,000
Izixhobo kwisayithi	R150,000
Ixabiso elipheleleyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku	R4,350,000
Thabatha imali egciniweyo (10%)	R435,000
Ixabiso elingqongqo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku	R3,915,000
Thabatha izixa eziqinisekiswe ngaphambili	R2,970,000
Isixa esifanele kule nyanga (ngaphandle kwe-VAT)	R945,000
I-VAT eyi-15%	R141,750
Isixa esipheleleyo esifanele kule nyanga	R1,086,750

Umgca ngamnye ufuna ubungqina. I-QS igcina imilinganiselo, iifoto zesayithi, ii-variation ezivunyiweyo namanqaku okuhanjiswa emva kwamanani. Ngaphandle kobo bungqina, elinye icala liya kulinciphisa ibango. Ipesenti yemali egciniweyo nemihla yokukhutshwa ivela kwikontraka, ngoko soloko ujonga idatha yekontraka endaweni yokucinga inani. Isikhokelo sethu sezatifikethi zentlawulo yenkqubela eMzantsi Afrika sichaza umjikelo opheleleyo wesatifikethi.

I-QS, Umqikeleli Okanye Umzobi Wezakhiwo: Ngubani Owenza Ntoni

Ezi ndima zintathu zihlala zididaniswa, ngoko nantsi inguqulelo elula. Umqikeleli ubeka ixabiso kumsebenzi, ngokufuthi kwikontraka, ukuze aphumelele ithenda. I-quantity surveyor nayo iyakwenza oko. Emva koko i-QS ithwala iindleko kulo lonke ulwakhiwo: umlinganiselo, ii-variation, uqingqo-xabiso ne-akhawunti yokugqibela. Umzobi wezakhiwo uyila isakhiwo. Kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ze-JBCC, umzobi wezakhiwo ukwasebenza njenge-principal agent elawula ikontraka. I-principal agent inokuba yi-QS okanye umphathi weprojekthi.

Indima	Owona msebenzi	Xa besebenza kakhulu
Umqikeleli	Ukubeka ixabiso kumsebenzi ukuze kuphumelelwe ithenda	Phambi kokuba ikontraka isayinwe
I-quantity surveyor	Ukulawula iindleko ukusuka kuqikelelo ukuya kwi-akhawunti yokugqibela	Ukusuka kukwenzeka ukuya kwi-akhawunti yokugqibela
Umzobi wezakhiwo	Ukuyila isakhiwo kwaye ngokufuthi ulawula ikontraka	Ukusuka kwingcamango ukuya ekugqityweni

Umzobi wezakhiwo ungumnini woyilo. Umqikeleli ungumnini wexabiso lethenda. I-QS ingumnini wemali ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni.

Imeko YaseMzantsi Afrika

I-quantity surveying eMzantsi Afrika ilandela iikontraka, imigangatho nemithetho yasekhaya. I-quantity surveyor elungileyo yase-SA iyazi:

Iifom zekontraka. I-JBCC iqhelekile kumsebenzi wokwakha. I-NEC ne-GCC ziqhelekile kumsebenzi woluntu nowezibonelelo. Nganye inemithetho yayo yoqingqo-xabiso, imali egciniweyo nee-variation. Isikhokelo sethu esithelekisa iikontraka ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC sichaza umahluko.
Imigangatho yomlinganiselo. Amabhili okwakha adla ngokulungiswa ngokwe-ASAQS Standard System of Measuring Building Work, ukuze isixa sithethe into efanayo kumntu wonke ongenisa ithenda.
Iqumrhu lobungcali. I-Quantity Surveying Profession Act 49 ka-2000 yaseka i-South African Council for the Quantity Surveying Profession (SACQSP), ebhalisa ii-quantity surveyor. I-Association of South African Quantity Surveyors (ASAQS) ngumbutho wobungcali wokuzithandela.
Imithetho ebanzi. Ukuhlelwa kwe-CIDB kusebenza kumsebenzi wecandelo likarhulumente. Imithetho ye-NHBRC isebenza kwizindlu ezintsha. I-VAT nemali egciniweyo nazo zichaphazela amanani alawulwa yi-QS.

Yiyo loo nto ingcali yeendleko eqeqeshwe kwenye indawo ifuna ixesha lokufunda iikontraka nemigangatho yasekhaya phambi kokuthatha iprojekthi yaseMzantsi Afrika.

Indlela Yokwazi Ukuba Uyayidinga

Into egqiba ukuba uyayidinga i-QS asibobukhulu beprojekthi. Linani lezinto ezihambayo kwimali yakho. Phantse ngokuqinisekileyo uyayidinga xa:

Uboleka ngokuchasene neprojekthi, kwaye umxhasi-mali ufuna ukusayina okuzimeleyo kweendleko phambi kokuba akhuphe imali.
Utshintsho lomthengi okanye loyilo luqhelekile, kwaye awuqinisekanga ukuba lonke lubekwe ixabiso, luvunyiwe kwaye lubuyisiwe.
Uqhuba iprojekthi engaphezu kwenye kwaye awukwazi ukuthelekisa iindleko kuzo ngendlela efanayo.
Izixa eziqinisekisiweyo zihlala ziwela ngaphantsi koqikelelo lwakho, kwaye awukwazi ukuthi kutheni.

Kumsebenzi omncinci wabucala onexabiso elimiselweyo notshintsho oluncinci, ikontraka inokulawula iindleko ngaphandle kwe-QS esisigxina. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi basebenzisa i-QS kwi-BOQ nakwi-akhawunti yokugqibela.

Ukusebenza Kakuhle Ne-Quantity Surveyor Yakho

I-QS ilunge kuphela njengolwazi eyifumanayo. Abaphuhlisi neekontraka banokwenza le ndima isebenze ngcono kakhulu ngemikhwa embalwa:

Zisa i-QS kwangoko. Ingcebiso ngeendleko kwinqanaba lokwenzeka igcina imali eninzi kunolawulo lweendleko ngexesha lokwakha.
Vuma utshintsho ngokubhaliweyo. I-variation engenamyalelo obhaliweyo kunzima ukuyibeka ixabiso kwaye kunzima ngakumbi ukuyibuyisa.
Yabelana ngeerekhodi zesayithi veki nganye. I-QS ifuna idayari, iifoto zenkqubela namanqaku okuhanjiswa ukuze inike umsebenzi ixabiso elililo.
Vumelanani ngefomathi enye yengxelo yeendleko. Sebenzisa ulungelelwaniso olufanayo nyanga nganye, ukuze iindlela zibonakale lula.
Gcina umthombo omnye wenyaniso. Iibhajethi, ii-variation noqingqo-xabiso kufuneka zihlale kwinkqubo enye, hayi kwii-spreadsheet ezintlanu.

Amaqela amaninzi e-QS ngoku asebenzisa isoftware ukugcina i-BOQ, ii-variation, uqingqo-xabiso nendleko yokugqiba kwirekhodi enye. Izixhobo zaseMzantsi Afrika ezifana ne-Wakha zixhasa izatifikethi zentlawulo ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC nebhajethi ngokuchasene nendleko yokwenene ngeeRandi. Isoftware ixhasa i-QS. Ayithathi indawo yengqiqo yayo. Ngeenkcukacha zezixhobo, bona isikhokelo sethu sesoftware ye-quantity surveying eMzantsi Afrika.

Isiphelo

I-quantity surveyor igcina imali yeprojekthi ithembekile, ukusuka kuqikelelo lokuqala lokwenzeka, ngalo lonke uqingqo-xabiso lwenyanga notshintsho, ukuya kwi-akhawunti yokugqibela. Kwiiprojekthi zaseMzantsi Afrika, ezineekontraka ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, imithetho ye-CIDB ne-NHBRC kunye nee-margin ezixineneyo zabaxhasi-mali, le ndima ikhusela i-margin oyicwangcisileyo. Imibuzo ephendulwa yi-QS ayitshintshi: oku kubize malini, kuseleyo ntoni, kwaye ngaba sisekwisicwangciso?

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Yintoni i-quantity surveyor?

I-quantity surveyor yingcali yolwakhiwo elawula iindleko zeprojekthi ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni. Iqikelela iindleko, ilungiselela ibhili ye-quantities, inika umsebenzi ixabiso lentlawulo, ibeka ixabiso kutshintsho kwaye ivumelane nge-akhawunti yokugqibela. EMzantsi Afrika, ii-quantity surveyor zobungcali zibhalisa kwi-SACQSP.

Ngaba i-quantity surveyor iyafana nomqikeleli?

Hayi, kodwa iindima ziyagqithana. Umqikeleli ubeka ixabiso kumsebenzi ukuze aphumelele ithenda. I-quantity surveyor nayo iyakwenza oko, emva koko ithwale iindleko kulo lonke ulwakhiwo: umlinganiselo, ii-variation, uqingqo-xabiso ne-akhawunti yokugqibela. Yonke i-QS inokuqikelela. Asingabo bonke abaqikeleli abenza umsebenzi opheleleyo we-QS.

Ngaba ndiyayidinga i-quantity surveyor kwiprojekthi encinci?

Ukuba uboleka ngokuchasene neprojekthi, unotshintsho oluqhelekileyo okanye ufuna uqingqo-xabiso lwenyanga oluqinisekisiweyo, impendulo idla ngokuba nguewe. Into egqibayo bubunzima bemali, hayi ubukhulu bomgangatho. Nkqu nendlu enye eneentlawulo zenyanga notshintsho inokulahlekelwa yi-margin ngaphandle kolawulo olufanelekileyo lweendleko.

Zeziphi iziqinisekiso ezinazo i-QS eMzantsi Afrika?

Uninzi lwee-quantity surveyor zaseMzantsi Afrika lunesidanga esivunyiweyo kwi-quantity surveying. Ukuze basebenze njengengcali, babhalisa kwi-South African Council for the Quantity Surveying Profession (SACQSP). Abaninzi bakwangamalungu e-ASAQS.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-QS yekontraka ne-QS yomthengi?

I-QS yekontraka isebenza ukubuyisa iindleko zekontraka nokuhlawulwa. I-QS yobungcali yomthengi (PQS) inika ingcebiso ezimeleyo kwaye icebise ngexabiso elililo kumthengi. Kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zombini ziyabandakanyeka, kwaye uxinzelelo phakathi kwazo lugcina uqingqo-xabiso luthembekile.

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