I-Inshorensi Yabakhontraga eSewula Afrika: Okudingako

Abakhontraga abanengi bathola iinkhala ze-inshorensi yabo kwaphela lokha isimangalo saliwa namkha ikomiti yethenda ibawa idokhumenti abangekhe bayiveze.

Igayidi le ihlathulula ukuthi ngiyiphi i-inshorensi ikhontraga yokwakha eyidingako eSewula Afrika, umthetho ufunani, iinkontraka ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC zibawani, nendlela yokugcina ukuvikelwa kwakho nobufakazi kulungile kizo zoke iinzinza.

Ngiyiphi i-inshorensi ikhontraga yokwakha eyidingako eSewula Afrika?

Ikhontraga yokwakha eSewula Afrika ngokuvamileko idinga ukuvikelwa kwe-contract works (contractor’s all risk), ukuvikelwa kwe-public liability, ukubhaliswa ku-COIDA kwabasebenzi, begodu, lapho yenza i-design, i-professional indemnity. Ukubhaliswa ku-COIDA kwaphela msebenzi womthetho womqatjhi ngamunye. Okhunye ukuvikelwa ngokuvamileko kufunwa yinkontraka yakho, likhasimende lakho namkha yithenda yakho.

Ithebula elingaphasi libeka ukuvikelwa okuqakathekileko.

Ukuvikelwa	Lokho okukuvikelako	Ngubani ovame ukukubawa
I-contract works namkha i-contractor’s all risk (CAR)	Umonakalo emisebenzini, ezintweni zokwakha ezisesizeni nemisebenzini yesikhatjhana, isibonelo kusuka emlilweni, esiphepweni namkha ekwebeni.	Inkontraka yokwakha (JBCC, NEC, GCC) nobolekisa umqatjhi.
I-public liability (builders’ liability)	Iimangalo zabantu bangaphandle (third parties) ngokulimala namkha umonakalo wepahla obangwa msebenzi wakho.	Inkontraka, umqatjhi, ama-body corporate nabomasipala.
Ukubhaliswa ku-COIDA	Isinxephezelo sabasebenzi abalimala emsebenzini namkha abathola isifo somsebenzi.	Umthetho, kunye nayo yoke ithenda nekhontraga ekulu.
I-professional indemnity	Iimangalo ezivela emaphutheni we-design namkha eselulekweni sobungcweti.	Amakhasimende emsebenzini we-design-and-build.
Iinsetjenziswa (plant and equipment)	Ukulahleka namkha umonakalo weemetjhini ezingezakho namkha eziqatjhiweko.	Iinkhampani zokuqatjhisa iinsetjenziswa nemigomo yakho yeemali.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-SASRIA	Umonakalo kusuka eenkhwahleni, eenterekeni nekuphazamisekeni komphakathi, okungafakwa mapholisi ajayelekileko.	Amakhasimende nabobolekisi eenzeni ezinobungozi obukhulu.
I-motor fleet	Iimotho zekhampani nama-bakkie.	Ipholisi yakho yobungozi nokuxhaswa kweemotho.

Buza i-broker yakho ukuthi ngikuphi ukuvikelwa okufanela umsebenzi wakho. Ingcenye eseleko yegayidi le itjengisa indlela yokuhlola ukuthi ukuvikelwa kwakho kuyahambisana nenkontraka ngayinye.

Umthetho ufunani kubakhontraga?

Umthetho ufuna umqatjhi ngamunye abhalise ku-Compensation Fund ngaphasi kwe-COIDA (i-Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act 130 of 1993) begodu abhadele ama-assessment womnyaka. I-Occupational Health and Safety Act 85 of 1993 ne-Construction Regulations, 2014, zengeza imisebenzi yokuphepha abo-inshorensi namakhasimende abayihlolako ngemva kwesehlakalo.

Umthombo	Lokho okutjho kuwe	Ubufakazi okufuze ubulungiselele
COIDA (Act 130 of 1993)	Bhalisa ku-Compensation Fund, faka i-return of earnings yomnyaka begodu ubhadele ama-assessment.	Incwadi ye-good standing, i-return of earnings, ubufakazi bokubhadela.
Occupational Health and Safety Act 85 of 1993 ne-Construction Regulations, 2014	Gcina isiza siphephile, nokuhlolwa kobungozi nehlelo lezepilo nokuphepha.	Ukuhlolwa kobungozi, ama-method statement, irejista yeenehlakalo, ifayela lokuphepha.
Unemployment Insurance Fund (UIF)	Bhalisa begodu utjho abasebenzi.	Ukubhaliswa ku-UIF nezitatimende.
NHBRC (izindlu kwaphela)	Bhalisa njengomakhi wezindlu begodu ufake (enrol) indlu ngayinye etjha. Leli lihlelo le-warranty, angasi yi-inshorensi yakho.	Isitifiketi sokubhaliswa, iinsitifiketi ze-enrolment, imitlolo yokuhlola.

Amathenda amanengi abawa incwadi ye-COIDA ye-good standing esebenzako. Nangabe iphelelwa sikhathi, ihlelo le-inshorensi eliqinileko angekhe lisindise ibhidi.

Icala le-NHBRC, bona iimfuneko ze-NHBRC eSewula Afrika.

Iinkontraka ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC zithini nge-inshorensi?

Iinkontraka ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC zoke zibeka ukuthi ngubani oqakathekisa (insure) imisebenzi ne-liability yabantu bangaphandle, namanani neenkhathi kutjhiwo ku-contract data. Inkontraka ingafuna namagama athileko (wording), afana nokubiza umqatjhi epholisini. Ipholisi yakho yomnyaka ingekhe ihambisane nemigomo le ngaphandle kobana uhlole.

Ngaphambi kokusayina, buza imibuzo emihlanu:

Ingabe ihlangothi elifaneleko liqakathekisiwe emsebenzini ofaneleko?
Ingabe umkhawulo we-indemnity uphezulu ngokwaneleko ephrojekthini le?
Ingabe amagama wepholisi ayahambisana nemitjho yenkontraka?
Ingabe ukuvikelwa kuqhubeka ngesikhathi se-defects liability period, lapho inkontraka ikubawa khona?
Ingabe ungaveza ubufakazi ngaphakathi kwamahora ama-24?

Ekwakhiweni kwebhizinisi kwe-R35,000,000 eGauteng, isibonelo, ikhontraga ingaba ne-liability cover yomnyaka kodwana isaphula inkontraka. Nangabe i-contract data ifuna ipholisi ye-contract works yephrojekthi ethileko, begodu ingabikho ngaphambi kokuhlomisa isiza, isimangalo sesiphepho singaphikiswa. Ikhontraga bese ithwala kokubili iindleko zokulungisa neenhlawulo zokubambezeleka. Isibonelo lesi ngesokuhlathulula kwaphela.

Bawa i-broker yakho iqinisekise ngokutlola ukuthi ipholisi iphatha njani:

inzuzo yomqatjhi etloliweko epholisini (employer’s interest noted)
i-waiver of subrogation, lapho inkontraka ikufuna khona
i-cross liability hlangana kweenhlangothi eziqakathekisiweko
ukuvikelwa kwe-SASRIA kwephrojekthi
ama-subcontractor asebenza esizeni

Ukubona indlela amafomu wenkontraka ahluka ngayo ngokujayelekileko, bona iinkontraka ze-JBCC vs NEC vs GCC.

Indlela esebenzako yokuthobela i-inshorensi

Indlela ehle ye-inshorensi ithoma ethendeni, ihlola amadokhumenti womthetho kuqala, ifanisa amagama wepholisi nenkontraka, begodu ivimba ama-subcontractor ngaphambi kobana afike esizeni. Ngemva kwalokho ibuyekeza ukuvikelwa ngemva kwayo yoke i-variation nangaphambi kokuvuselelwa ngakunye. Iinyathelo ezisithandathu ezingaphasi zisebenza kubakhontraga bokwakha bobukhulu boke.

1) Yakha i-matrix yenkontraka nepholisi esigabeni sethenda

Bala yoke imitjho ye-inshorensi esenkontrageni esesahlakalweni neemfunekweni zomqatjhi. Komunye nomunye, tlola uhlobo lwepholisi, umkhawulo, ihlangothi elinomthwalo, ubufakazi obudingekako ekunikelweni kwenkontraka, nelanga lokubuyekeza ngaphambi kokuhlomisa isiza.

2) Hlola amadokhumenti womthetho kuqala

Qinisekisa ukuthi incwadi yakho ye-COIDA ye-good standing nemitlolo ye-UIF kusesikhathini. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukwethulwa kwesiza (site induction) kuhlathulula okufuze kwenziwe lokha isisebenzi silimala emsebenzini.

3) Fanisa amagama wepholisi nenkontraka

Ungacabangi ukuthi amagama wakho ajayelekileko anele. Gcina isiqinisekiso esitloliweko se-broker efayilini lephrojekthi, angasi ku-imeyili kwaphela.

4) Vimba ama-subcontractor

Beka umthetho olula: akukho kwethulwa namkha ukungena esizeni bekube ubufakazi be-inshorensi buhloliwe begodu butloliwe. Bawa i-subcontractor ngayinye ihlelo layo le-public liability, incwadi yayo ye-COIDA ye-good standing, amalanga wepholisi afaka isikhathi somsebenzi, nokuvikelwa okukhethekileko emsebenzini onobungozi obukhulu ofana nokudiliza namkha ukuphakamisa nge-crane.

5) Buyekeza ukuvikelwa ngemva kwayo yoke i-variation

Lokha umsebenzi utjhuguluka, ubungozi buyatjhuguluka. I-variation order ngayinye evunyiweko kufuze ivuse ukuhlolwa kwe-inshorensi ngaphambi kobana umsebenzi omutjha uthome.

6) Beka izikhumbuzo zokuvuselela

Sebenzisa izikhumbuzo ngamalanga angu-60, angu-30 nali-14 ngaphambi kokuphelelwa sikhathi, nokuhlola kwenyanga kiwo woke amaphrojekthi asebenzako.

Gcina iphakheji yobufakazi be-inshorensi ngephrojekthi ngayinye:

Idokhumenti	Kubayini iqakathekile
Ihlelo lepholisi nama-endorsement, kuhlanganiswe nemitjho yenkontraka	Itjengisa ukuthi ukuvikelwa kuyahambisana nenkontraka.
Incwadi ye-COIDA ye-good standing	Ifunwa mathenda nabakhontraga abakhulu.
Irejista ye-inshorensi yama-subcontractor enamalanga nemikhawulo	Ifakazela ukuthi akekho osesizeni ngaphandle kokuvikelwa.
Indlela yokukhuphulela phezulu iinehlakalo	Itjengisa ukuthi ngubani otjela i-broker, i-inshorensi, umqatjhi ne-principal agent.
Isilandeli seemangalo	Sitlola ilanga lesehlakalo, ilanga lokwaziswa nesimo sesimangalo.
Ikhalenda yokuvuselela enabanikazi ababiziweko	Ivimba ukuvikelwa ukuthi kuphelelwe sikhathi ngeenkhathi zomsebenzi omnengi.

Kubayini ama-spreadsheet ehluleka ukulandela i-inshorensi

Ama-spreadsheet ehluleka ukulandela i-inshorensi lokha ikhontraga iqhuba iinzinza ezinengi, ngombana amalanga wokuphelelwa sikhathi, imikhawulo namadokhumenti wama-subcontractor kutjhuguluka msinyana kunalokho umuntu munye angakubuyekeza efayilini. Umphumela kukuvikelwa okuphelelwa sikhathi kungabonwa nobufakazi obungatholakaliko lokha isimangalo namkha ithenda ibudinga.

Iinkinga ezijayelekileko:

Iinguqulo ezimbili. Ithimba lezebhizinisi lisebenzisa ihlelo linye, ithimba lesiza lisebenzisa elinye.
Akukho mkhondo we-audit. Angekhe watjengisa ukuthi ngubani owavumela itjhuguluko, namkha nini.
Ukuvuselela okudlulileko. Amalanga wokuphelelwa sikhathi ahlala ekholamini engekho oyihlolako.
Akukho ukuxhumana nenkontraka. Imininingwana ye-inshorensi ihlala kude nemitjho yenkontraka nama-variation.
Ubufakazi obuhlakazekileko. Amadokhumenti ahlala ema-inbox, kuma-drive ahlanganyelweko naku-WhatsApp.

Ihlelo elingcono ligcina amadokhumenti, amalanga nemitlolo yama-subcontractor endaweni efanako nephrojekthi. Ku-Wakha, amadokhumenti neensitifiketi zama-sub-contractor kuhlala ephrojekthini ngayinye, ne-autocompliance tracker egcina ubufakazi bokuthobela embonweni munye.

Isifundo esifanako sisebenza ku-grading nemathendeni. Bona igayidi yamagrade wabakhontraga we-CIDB nemikhawulo ukuthola imikhawulo yenani lephrojekthi.

Isibonelo: i-inshorensi ethendeni yeenzinza ezintathu

Isibonelo lesi silandela ikhontraga ye-KwaZulu-Natal ethendeni ye-R48,000,000 yokuthuthukiswa kwemitjhoga emithathu, kusukela ebhidini ukuya esimangalweni. Ithenda inemithetho eqinileko yobufakazi be-inshorensi, ukuqedwa ngeengaba ne-retention. Itjengisa indlela inqubo engehla esindisa ngayo isikhathi esigabeni ngasinye, nokuthi kubayini iphakheji yobufakazi iqakatheke khulu lokha kunento engakalungi esizeni. Amanani ayisibonelo kwaphela.

Isigaba sebhidi. Ikhontraga ifaka i-matrix yenkontraka nepholisi, incwadi ye-COIDA ye-good standing yanje, amahlelo we-public liability newe-contract works, nencwadi ye-broker eqinisekisa amagama. Ibhidi idlula ukuhlolwa kokuthobela ngaphandle kwemibuzo.

Ukuhlomisa isiza. Ukuvimba ama-subcontractor kuveza abongcweti ababili abanemikhawulo ye-liability ephasi. Boke bobabili bakhuphula ukuvikelwa kwabo ngaphambi kokuthoma.

Ukwenza umsebenzi. I-variation yengeza umsebenzi wokungena ku-facade. I-variation ivusa ukubuyekezwa kwe-inshorensi, begodu i-broker ibuyekeza i-endorsement ngaphambi kobana umsebenzi uthome.

Isehlakalo. Umoya onamandla ulimaza imisebenzi yesikhatjhana esizeni sinye. Ikhontraga ithumela i-endorsement yepholisi, ukuhlolwa kobungozi, okutlolwe ku-site diary, izithombe nekulumiswano ngelanga elifanako. Isimangalo sihamba msinyana ngombana ubufakazi buphelele begodu bunamalanga.

Abaphathi bangalandela amanani alula kiwo woke amaphrojekthi: isabelo samaphrojekthi anamapholisi ahlanganiswe nemitjho, isabelo sama-subcontractor ahlolwe ngaphambi kokungena esizeni, nesikhathi esithathwako ukufaka ubufakazi besimangalo.

Isiphetho

I-inshorensi yabakhontraga eSewula Afrika msebenzi wokuthobela othoma ethendeni ukuya ku-final completion, angasi kuthenga kanye ngomnyaka. Bhalisa ku-COIDA, fanisa ipholisi ngayinye ne-contract data, vimba ama-subcontractor wakho, begodu ubuyekeze ukuvikelwa ngemva kwayo yoke i-variation. Lokho kuvikela amathenda wakho, iimangalo zakho ne-cash flow yakho.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Qobe

Yini i-contractor’s all risk insurance?

I-contractor’s all risk (CAR), ebizwa nangokuthi yi-contract works insurance, ivikela ukulahleka namkha umonakalo wemisebenzi esakhiwako. Lokhu kufaka izinto zokwakha ezisesizeni nemisebenzi yesikhatjhana, isibonelo ngemva komlilo, isiphepho namkha ukwebiwa. Inkontraka yakho yokwakha ngokuvamileko itjho ukuthi ngubani okufuze athathe ukuvikelwa lokhu, inani eliqakathekisiweko nesikhathi okufuze kusebenze ngaso.

Yini i-builders’ liability insurance?

I-builders’ liability, namkha i-public liability, insurance ivikela iimangalo zabantu bangaphandle ngokulimala namkha umonakalo wepahla obangwa msebenzi wakho. Isitina esiwako silimaze imotho kamakhelwana yisibonelo esijayelekileko. Iinkontraka ezinengi nabaqatjhi babawa umkhawulo omncani we-indemnity, ngalokho hlola i-contract data ngaphambi kokusayina.

Ingabe i-public liability insurance iyaphoqelelwa kubakhi eSewula Afrika?

Akukho mthetho ojayelekileko ophoqelela i-public liability insurance kibo boke abakhi. Ngokwamambala, iinkontraka ezinengi zokwakha, abaqatjhi, abomasipala nabakhontraga abakhulu bayayifuna ngaphambi kobana uthome umsebenzi. Ukubhaliswa ku-COIDA msebenzi womthetho osebenza kumqatjhi ngamunye, ngalokho phatha kokubili njengengcenye yokuthobela kwakho okusisekelo.

Yini incwadi ye-COIDA ye-good standing?

Yincwadi evela ku-Compensation Fund eqinisekisa ukuthi umqatjhi ubhalisiwe begodu usesikhathini nama-return wakhe nama-assessment ngaphasi kwe-COIDA. Amathenda nabakhontraga abakhulu bayayibawa ukufakazela ukuthi abasebenzi bavikelekile nangabe balimala. Inelanga lokuphelelwa sikhathi, ngalokho yilandele njengayo yoke enye idokhumenti yokuthobela.

Ingabe i-NHBRC enrolment ithatha indawo ye-inshorensi yabakhi?

Awa. Ukubhaliswa ku-NHBRC ne-enrolment yendlu kuyingcenye yehlelo le-warranty lomthetho elivikela abathengi bezindlu emaphutheni athileko. Akukuvikeli umonakalo wemisebenzi ngesikhathi sokwakha namkha iimangalo zabantu bangaphandle. Usadinga ukuvikelwa kwe-contract works ne-public liability njengoba inkontraka yakho namkha ikhasimende likufuna.

Iinhloko ezihlobeneko: