Luhlu Lwekuhlola Lwekunikela Iphrojekthi Yekwakha eSA

Kunikela lokubi kukubita kabili: kanye ekuphikisaneni nelikhasimende, naphindze ku-retention lehlala ingakakhokhwa tinyanga.

Lesikhombisi sinika bakhi baseNingizimu Afrika luhlu lwekuhlola lwekunikela lolusebentako. Sihlanganisa i-practical completion, emadokhumenti netitifiketi lokufanele ukunikele, kulawula i-snag list, kukhululwa kwe-retention nekuvalwa kwe-final account ngaphansi kwetinkontileka te-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC.

Yini i-practical completion?

I-practical completion sigaba lapho umsebenti usuphele kakhulu futsi ungasetjentiswa ngenjongo yawo, ngisho nome kusenemaphutsa lamancane. Ngaphansi kwe-JBCC Principal Building Agreement, i-principal agent iyinika sitifiketi. Ivame kucalisa sikhatsi se-defects liability, imisa tinhlawulo tekubambeteleka futsi ihambisa ingoti yemsebenti iye kumcashi.

I-practical completion ayisho kutsi umsebenti uphelele ncamashi. Emaphutsa lamancane langalivimbi likhasimende kusebentisa sakhiwo ajwayelekile. Afakwa ku-snag list futsi alungiswa ngesikhatsi se-defects liability.

Umsebenti kusafanele uphephe. Tinsita kufanele tixhunywe, kungena kufanele kuphephe, futsi titifiketi temtsetfo letidzingekako kute kuhlalwe kufanele tilunge.

Loko i-practical completion lekucalisako kuya nge-contract data yakho. Etinkontilekeni letinyenti tekwakha:

icalisa sikhatsi se-defects liability
icedza sibopho setinhlawulo tekubambeteleka
ihambisa kubamba nengoti yemsebenti iye kumcashi
ikhulula incenye ye-retention, uma inkontileka itsho

I-NEC4 isebentisa ligama “Completion” kantsi i-GCC 2015 isebentisa i-Certificate of Completion. Umcondvo uyafana, kodvwa imibandzela iyehluka. Buka tinhlobo tetinkontileka tekwakha eNingizimu Afrika kute utfole imininingwane.

Uyini umehluko emkhatsini we-practical completion ne-final completion?

I-practical completion kulapho sakhiwo singasetjentiswa; i-final completion kulapho onkhe emaphutsa labaliwe sekalungisiwe ekupheleni kwesikhatsi se-defects liability. I-final completion ivame kukhulula i-retention lesele futsi ivule indlela ye-final account nenkhokhelo yekugcina. Ngaphansi kwe-JBCC, i-principal agent inika sitifiketi kuto tonkhe tigaba letimbili.

	Practical completion	Final completion
Nini	Umsebenti usuphele kakhulu futsi uyasebenta.	Sikhatsi se-defects liability siphelile futsi onkhe emaphutsa labaliwe alungisiwe.
Ngubani lonika sitifiketi (JBCC)	Principal agent	Principal agent
Emaphutsa	Emaphutsa lamancane angasala ku-snag list.	Onkhe emaphutsa labaliwe kufanele alungiswe.
I-retention	Incenye ingakhululwa, ngekwe-contract data.	Lesele ivame kukhululwa.
Imali	Tinhlawulo tekubambeteleka tiyema.	Kulandzela i-final account nenkhokhelo yekugcina.

Sibopho sakho asiphelelisi ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi ku-final completion. Emaphutsa lafihlekile (latent) ne-warranty ye-NHBRC yetindlu letinsha kungatsatsa sikhatsi lesidze. Buka sikhatsi se-defects liability ekwakheni eNingizimu Afrika.

Inchubo yekunikela kwekwakha ngesinyatselo ngesinyatselo

Kunikela eNingizimu Afrika kulandzela tinyatselo letilishumi, kusukela ekuhlolweni kwe-practical completion kuya esitifiketini senkhokhelo yekugcina, futsi kuvame kutsatsa tinyanga letintsatfu kuya kuletisitfupha emaphrojekthini ekwakha. Inchubo ncamashi netikhatsi tetatiso kuvela enkontilekeni yakho ye-JBCC, NEC nome GCC. Kulandzelana lokungentasi yindlela levamile emsebentini wekwakha.

Kutihlola. Umakhontileka uhlola umsebenti wakhe futsi alungise tintfo letibonakalako.
Kuhlolwa kwe-practical completion. Umakhontileka, likhasimende ne-principal agent bahamba emsebentini.
I-snag list. I-principal agent ikhipha luhlu lwemaphutsa netintfo letingakapheli.
Sitifiketi se-practical completion. Sikhishwa nangabe umsebenti usuphele kakhulu.
Kunikela. Tikhiya, emakhadi ekungena, emadokhumenti nekucecesha kuya kulikhasimende.
Sikhatsi se-defects liability. Umakhontileka ulungisa emaphutsa labaliwe nalasandza kubikwa.
Kuhlolwa kwekugcina. Kwentiwa seduze nekuphela kwesikhatsi se-defects liability.
Sitifiketi se-final completion. Sikhishwa nangabe onkhe emaphutsa labaliwe alungisiwe.
I-final account. Kuvunyelwana ngetinguculo temsebenti, timangalo nekulungiswa.
Sitifiketi senkhokhelo yekugcina. Imali lesele ne-retention kuyakhokhwa.

Sikhatsi kusukela ku-practical completion kuya ku-final completion siya ngesikhatsi senkontileka nangekutsi emaphutsa avalwa ngekushesha kangakanani. Etinyatselweni letingaphambi kwekutsi kwakha kucale, buka luhlu lwekuhlola lwekunikela siza kumakhontileka.

Luhlu lwekuhlola lwekunikela: emadokhumenti netitifiketi

Emadokhumenti ekunikela ahlukaniswa abe ngemacembu lasihlanu: emarekhodi enkontileka, titifiketi tekulandzela umtsetfo, imidvwebo ye-as-built, ema-manual ekusebenta nekunakekela, nemarekhodi etimali. Kushoda ngisho sitifiketi sinye sekulandzela umtsetfo kungabambetela kungena kuhlala. Yakha liphakethe ngesikhatsi sekwakha, hhayi ngeliviki lekugcina. Lungisa luhlu lolungentasi lufanane nenkontileka yakho nephrojekthi.

Licembu	Lokufanele kufakwe	Emanothi
Emarekhodi enkontileka	Inkontileka lesayiniwe netichibiyelo, emaplani lavunyiwe netinguculo, tincazelo, ema-variation order, ema-site instruction, emaminithi emihlangano.	Gcina tinguculo temsebenti tisayiniwe futsi tilinganisiwe.
Titifiketi tekulandzela umtsetfo	Sitifiketi sekungena kuhlala semasipala, i-electrical certificate of compliance (CoC), sitifiketi semapayipi lapho masipala asidzinga khona, i-gas CoC lapho kufakwe khona igesi, sitifiketi sebiyelo lagesi lapho lifakiwe, titifiketi tekucedza tenjiniyela.	Sitifiketi sekungena kuhlala sikhishwa ngumasipala ngaphansi kwe-National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act 103 ka-1977.
NHBRC (tindlu letinsha)	Sitifiketi se-enrolment nemarekhodi ekuhlolwa.	Buka tigaba tekuhlolwa te-NHBRC.
Imidvwebo ye-as-built	Ema-as-built e-architecture, esakhiwo, etinsita nekuhlolwa kwemhlaba.	Akhombisa loko lokwakhiwe ngempela.
Ema-manual e-O&M nema-warranty	Ema-manual etisetjentiswa, ematheyibhuli ekunakekela, ema-warranty emikhicito (luphahla, i-waterproofing, emafasitelo, tisetjentiswa), tincenye letengeziwe nemininingwane yebaphakeli.	Kunikele kuphrintiwe nangekwedijithali.
Emarekhodi etimali	Titifiketi tenkhokhelo, sitatimende se-retention, sifingco setinguculo temsebenti, emarekhodi etimangalo, i-final account lesasalungiswa.	Kusekela i-final account lesheshako.

Cela likhasimende kutsi lisayine i-register yemadokhumenti lebala yonkhe intfo lenikelwe. Bufakazi bakho uma kamuva kutsiwa dokhumenti ayikho.

Luhlu lwekuhlola lwekunikela: imisebenti yesiza ngelilanga

Ngelilanga lekunikela, umakhontileka uhamba esizeni nelikhasimende, unikela tikhiya nemakhodi, ukhombisa kutsi tisetjentiswa tisebenta njani futsi utfola kwemukelwa lokusayiniwe. Lemisebenti ilula, kodvwa kuyeca kubanga kuphikisana lokunyenti kwe-”asizange sikutfole” ngemuva. Sebentisa lithebula lelingentasi njengeluhlu lwakho lwekuhlola ngelilanga.

Umsebenti	Kwentiwe nangabe
Kuhamba kwekugcina	Likhasimende ne-principal agent bahambe kuyo yonkhe indzawo nawe.
Tikhiya, emakhadi ekungena, emakhodi e-alamu nesango	Kubhalwe ku-register yetikhiya futsi kwasayinwa.
Kukhonjiswa kwetisetjentiswa	Ema-geyser, emaphampu, emasango, ema-alamu, gesi lwekulondvolota nema-lift kukhonjisiwe kusebenta.
Tinsita	Emamitha emanti nagesi afundziwe, ema-akhawunti adluliselwe lapho kuvunyelwene khona.
Kucecesha	Tisebenti telikhasimende ticeceshwe ngetinhlelo letikudzingako.
Liphakethe lemadokhumenti	Lilethiwe ne-register yemadokhumenti lesayiniwe.
I-snag list	Luhlu loluvunyelwene ngalo lukhishiwe, netinombolo tetintfo nemalanga lahlosiwe.

Kulawula i-snag list ekunikeleni

I-snag list iyasebenta nangabe intfo ngayinye ine-ID yinye, indzawo yinye, umsebenti wesandla munye lophetse, lilanga lelihlosiwe nebufakazi besitfombe sekulungiswa. Hlela tintfo njengetibucayi, letinkhulu nome letincane. Tintfo letibucayi letenta sakhiwo singaphephi nome singasebenteki kufanele tilungiswe ngaphambi kwe-practical completion. Tintfo letincane tingena esikhatsini se-defects liability.

Imikhuba lemihle:

Hlola yonkhe indzawo futsi ungaphangisi ekuhambeni.
Chaza i-snag ngayinye ngalokucacile, nendzawo yayo.
Tsatsa sitfombe se-snag ngayinye ngaphambi nangemuva kwekulungiswa.
Vumelana ngeluhlu nelikhasimende ne-principal agent.
Hlukanisa “kulungele kuhlolwa” na “kuvaliwe”, kute kuvalwa kuhlale kuhlolwa.

Idayari yesiza kulapho bufakazi lobunyenti bulapha bukhona. Ku-Wakha, idayari yesiza ibhala titfombe letinemalanga, simo selitulu netisebenti elucingweni, futsi emadokhumenti nemidvwebo kukuphrojekthi yinye, ngako liphakethe lekunikela liyakhula njengobe umsebenti uchubeka.

Kute utfole lifomethi lelilungile, sebentisa i-template ye-snag list yekwakha.

I-retention ikhululwa nini ngemuva kwekunikela?

I-retention ivame kukhululwa ngetincenye letimbili: incenye ku-practical completion nalesele ku-final completion, kuhlukaniswa nemaphesenti kubekwe ku-contract data. Tinkontileka letinyenti tekwakha te-JBCC tikhulula incenye ku-practical completion. Hlala uhlola inkontileka yakho, ngobe emanani netinto letikucalisako kuyehluka emkhatsini wemafomu nemaphrojekthi.

Sigaba	Lokuvame kwenteka	Lokudzingako
Practical completion	Incenye ye-retention iyakhululwa, uma inkontileka ivuma.	Sitifiketi se-practical completion.
Final completion	Lesele iyakhululwa.	Sitifiketi se-final completion neluhlu lwemaphutsa loluvaliwe.
Final account	Sitifiketi senkhokhelo yekugcina siyakhishwa.	Tinguculo temsebenti, timangalo nekulungiswa lokuvunyelwene ngako.

I-retention ivame kuba yinzuzo yemakhontileka emsebentini. Kuvala emaphutsa kancane kuyayephuzisa. Ngaseluhlangotsini lwenkhokhelo, fundza sikhombisi sesitifiketi senkhokhelo se-JBCC.

Usalindze i-retention tinyanga ngemuva kwekunikela? I-Wakha ixhumanisa titifiketi tema-sub-contractor ne-retention, tinkhokhelo tenchubekelo nesikhungo sakho sekulawula i-cash flow nephrojekthi ngayinye, ku-software yinye leyakhelwe bakhi baseNingizimu Afrika: buka i-demo yemkhicito.

Kuphikisana lokuvamile ekunikeleni nendlela yekukugwema

Kuphikisana lokunyenti ekunikeleni kumayelana netintfo letine: kutsi i-practical completion yafinyelelwa yini, kutsi yini lebalwa njenge-snag, kutsi i-retention ifanele nini nekutsi i-final account kufanele ibe njani. Kunye ngakunye kulula kukugwema ngemarekhodi lamahle kunekukuwina ngemuva. Lithebula lelingentasi likhombisa kuvimbela nesinyatselo sekucala lesivamile uma kucala kuphikisana.

Kuphikisana	Indlela yekukuvimba	Sinyatselo sekucala uma kwenteka
I-practical completion yaliwe	Lungisa tintfo letibucayi kucala. Bhala kucedza ngetitfombe nemanothi ekuhlolwa.	Hlola incazelo yenkontileka ye-practical completion bese ucela i-principal agent kutsi incume.
Yini lebalwa njenge-snag	Sebentisa emazinga langenamcondvo wemuntfu: tincazelo, imidvwebo, i-National Building Regulations.	Bhekisa etincazelweni bese ubuta i-principal agent nome umhloli lotimele.
I-retention igcinwe	Vala intfo ngayinye nebufakazi ngaphambi kwekucela kukhululwa.	Tfumela bufakazi bese ubhekisa ku-clause ye-retention enkontilekeni.
I-final account	Sayinisa futsi ulinganise tinguculo temsebenti njengobe uchubeka.	Landzela inchubo yetimangalo yenkontileka, nemarekhodi e-quantity surveyor.

Uma tinkhulumiswano tehluleka, landzela i-clause yekusombulula kuphikisana enkontilekeni yakho. Tsatsa seluleko semtsetfo ngaphambi kwekwenyusela.

Kungani ema-spreadsheet nemaphepha ehluleka ekunikeleni

Ema-spreadsheet nemaphepha ayehluleka ekunikeleni ngobe i-snag list, titifiketi nelitheyibhuli le-retention kusetindzaweni letehlukene, ngako kute longafakazela kutsi yini lenikelwe nekutsi nini. Emadokhumenti ayalahleka, emalanga ekugcina ayendlula futsi kuphikisana kuyakhula. Indleko ivela njengetinyanga te-retention lengakakhokhwa.

Tinkinga letivamile:

Tinguculo letinyenti te-snag list letisebentako.
Titifiketi letigcinwe kuma-akhawunti e-imeyili emuntfu.
Titfombe elucingweni lwemuntfu munye.
Kute kuxhumana emkhatsini wemaphutsa lasavulekile nelitheyibhuli le-retention.

Sisombululo yirekhodi linye ngephrojekthi ngayinye lelibamba i-snag list, emadokhumenti nemali, futsi emacembu esiza nelihhovisi aliphatsa kanyekanye.

Umphumela Wekugcina

Kunikela lokuhlantekile kuhlelwa kusukela eviki lekucala lekwakha, hhayi lekugcina. Butsa titifiketi njengobe umsebenti ngamunye wesandla uphela, gcina i-snag list yinye nebufakazi, sayinisa likhasimende loko lokunikelako, futsi uhlole i-contract data yakho ye-retention netikhatsi temaphutsa. Leyo yindlela yekufinyelela ku-final completion futsi ukhokhelwe yonkhe imali.

Imibuto Lebutwa Njalo

Yini kunikela iphrojekthi yekwakha?

Kudluliselwa lokusemtsetfweni kwemsebenti lophelile kusuka kumakhontileka kuya kulikhasimende. Kuhlanganisa kuhlolwa kwe-practical completion, i-snag list, kunikela tikhiya, emadokhumenti netitifiketi, kucecesha ngetisetjentiswa, nekucala kwesikhatsi se-defects liability. ENingizimu Afrika, tinyatselo netatiso kuvela enkontilekeni ye-JBCC, NEC nome GCC.

Side kangakanani sikhatsi se-defects liability?

Sibekwe ku-contract data. Tinkontileka letinyenti tekwakha te-JBCC tisebentisa cishe emalanga langu-90 ekhalenda kusukela ku-practical completion. I-NEC isebentisa i-defects date, kantsi tinkontileka te-civil te-GCC tivame kutsatsa tinyanga leti-12. Etindlini letinsha, i-warranty ye-NHBRC yengeta imisebenti yemtsetfo lemidze, njengeminyaka lemihlanu yemaphutsa lamakhulu esakhiwo.

Ngumaphi emadokhumenti ladzingekako ekunikeleni?

Emadokhumenti lajwayelekile ahlanganisa sitifiketi sekungena kuhlala semasipala, i-electrical certificate of compliance, titifiketi temapayipi negesi lapho kudzingeka khona, emarekhodi e-enrolment ye-NHBRC etindlu letinsha, imidvwebo ye-as-built, ema-manual ekusebenta nekunakekela, ema-warranty, titifiketi tenkhokhelo nesitatimende se-retention. Luhlu ncamashi luya ngephrojekthi yakho, masipala nenkontileka.

I-retention ikhululwa nini?

Kuvamise kube ngetincenye letimbili. Incenye ikhululwa ku-practical completion nalesele ku-final completion, ngemuva kwekutsi onkhe emaphutsa labaliwe alungisiwe. Tinkontileka letinyenti te-JBCC tikhulula incenye ku-practical completion. Emaphesenti netintfo letikucalisako kuku-contract data yakho, ngako tihlole ngaphambi kwekuhlela i-cash flow yakho.

Kwentekani uma kuba nekuphikisana ngesikhatsi sekunikela?

Landzela i-clause yekusombulula kuphikisana enkontilekeni yakho. Sinyatselo sekucala kuvame kuba kucela i-principal agent nome i-engineer kutsi incume, nebufakazi bakho bunamatsiselwe. Uma loko kwehluleka, inkontileka ingahlinzeka nge-adjudication, i-arbitration nome inkantolo. Gcina emarekhodi lanemalanga awo onkhe kuhlolwa, saziso nenkhulumo kusukela ekucaleni.

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