I-Defects Liability Period eMzantsi Afrika Ichaziwe

Uninzi lwamaqela lujonga i-defects liability period kuphela xa i-retention sele ivalelwe kwaye umthengi eyekile ukuphendula ii-imeyile.

Esi sikhokelo sichaza ukuba yintoni i-defects liability period eMzantsi Afrika, ithatha ixesha elingakanani phantsi kweekhontrakthi ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, indlela edibana ngayo newaranti ye-NHBRC, nendlela yokuqhuba inkqubo yokuvala ekufikisa ekugqityweni kokugqibela nakwintlawulo ye-retention yakho.

Yintoni i-defects liability period eMzantsi Afrika?

I-defects liability period lixesha emva kokugqitywa okusebenzayo apho unokontraka kufuneka abuye alungise iziphene ngeendleko zakhe. EMzantsi Afrika, ubude bayo nenkqubo zivela kwikhontrakthi esayiniweyo nakwi-contract data yayo. Iphela ngokugqitywa kokugqibela, okudla ngokuvula i-final account nokukhululwa kwe-retention.

Eli xesha likho kuba ezinye iziphene zibonakala kuphela xa isakhiwo sele sisetyenziswa. Itywina leshawa elivuzayo, ucango olubambekayo okanye i-screed eqhekekileyo inokungabonakali ngomhla wokunikezela.

Ngeli xesha, unokontraka ugcina iimbopheleleko ezintathu:

Ukulungisa iziphene ezidweliswe yi-principal agent, i-engineer okanye umqeshi, ngaphakathi kwexesha elivunyelwa yikhontrakthi.
Ukunika umthengi ukufikelela kubungqina bokuba into nganye ilungisiwe.
Ukugcina ii-subcontractor zakhe zinoxanduva ngomsebenzi wazo, ngemiqathango ye-subcontract ehambelana ngqo.

Umqeshi naye unembopheleleko. Kufuneka anike unokontraka ukufikelela kwisiza ukuze alungise iziphene. Ukuba uzisa omnye umakhi ngaphandle kwesaziso, unokuphulukana nelungelo lokubuyisa ezo ndleko.

Ngamanyathelo angaphambi kweli xesha, bona uluhlu lokuhlola lokunikezela ngeprojekthi yolwakhiwo.

Lide kangakanani i-defects liability period phantsi kwe-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC?

Phantsi kweekhontrakthi ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, i-defects liability period ibekwe kwi-contract data, ngoko ekuphela kwempendulo ethembekileyo ikwikhontrakthi yakho esayiniweyo. Iikhontrakthi zokwakha ze-JBCC zihlala zisebenzisa malunga neentsuku zekhalenda ezingama-90. I-NEC isebenzisa i-”defects date” ne-defect correction period. Iikhontrakthi zobunjineli bomphakathi ze-GCC zihlala zinde, ngokuqhelekileyo iinyanga ezili-12.

Le tafile ingezantsi ithelekisa iintsapho ezintathu zeekhontrakthi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu eMzantsi Afrika.

Uhlobo lwekhontrakthi	Indlela ixesha elichazwa ngayo	Into elivalayo	Umngcipheko ukuba uphulukana nolawulo
JBCC Principal Building Agreement (imisebenzi yokwakha)	Lichazwe kwi-contract data, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga neentsuku zekhalenda ezingama-90 ukusuka ekugqityweni okusebenzayo.	Iziphene zilungiswe ngokwanelisa i-principal agent, emva koko ukugqitywa kokugqibela.	Isatifikethi sokugqitywa kokugqibela nokukhululwa kwe-retention kuyalibaziseka.
NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract	I-defects date ne-defect correction period, zombini kwi-contract data.	I-Supervisor ikhupha i-Defects Certificate.	Iziphene ezingalungiswanga zinokuxatyiswa zitsalwe kwimali ohlawulwa yona.
GCC 2015 (imisebenzi yobunjineli bomphakathi)	Lichazwe kwi-contract data, ngokuqhelekileyo iinyanga ezili-12 kwiiprojekthi zobunjineli bomphakathi.	I-engineer yamkela umsebenzi wokulungisa kwaye ikhuphe isatifikethi sokugqibela.	Iziphene ezisasele zimisa i-final account.

Iingongoma ezintathu zibalulekile kuyo yonke iprojekthi yaseMzantsi Afrika:

I-contract data iyalawula. Musa ukukopa ixesha kumsebenzi wakho wokugqibela. Sebenzisa uhlelo olusayiniweyo ne-data yeprojekthi.
Ii-subcontract kufuneka zihambelane. Ukuba ikhontrakthi yakho ephambili ikunika iintsuku ezingama-90 kodwa i-subcontract yakho ithe cwaka, uthwala isikhewu.
Cela icebiso kwiingxabano. Esi sikhokelo sesiqhelo. Ingxabano ngesiphene kufuneka iye kumlawuli wakho wekhontrakthi okanye kwigqwetha.

Ngolwazi olungakumbi ngendlela iifom ezahluka ngayo, funda iintlobo zeekhontrakthi zolwakhiwo eMzantsi Afrika.

Iwaranti ye-NHBRC idibana njani nexesha leziphene?

Kumakhaya abhaliswe kwi-NHBRC, i-Housing Consumers Protection Measures Act 95 of 1998 yongeza iimbopheleleko zewaranti ezisemthethweni ezihlala ixesha elide kunexesha leziphene lekhontrakthi. Umakhi wamakhaya kufuneka alungise iziphene ezinkulu zesakhiwo iminyaka emihlanu, ukuvuza kophahla iinyanga ezili-12, nokunye ukungathobeli okanye iziphene zobugcisa ezixelwe kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuhlala.

Oku kuthetha ukuba ixesha leziphene lekhontrakthi elifutshane alukupheleli ukuchaphazeleka kwakho kwikhaya elitsha.

Uhlobo lwesiphene	Ixesha lewaranti phantsi koMthetho	Liqala ku
Ukungathobeli i-NHBRC technical requirements, okanye uyilo, ubugcisa okanye izixhobo ezingalunganga	Iinyanga ezi-3	Ukuhlala
Ukuvuza kophahla okubangelwa bubugcisa, uyilo okanye izixhobo	Iinyanga ezili-12	Ukuhlala
Iziphene ezinkulu zesakhiwo	Iminyaka emi-5	Ukuhlala

Apho i-Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 isebenza kwintengiso, umthengi unokuba namalungelo omgangatho awakhe.

Amabango ekhontrakthi nawo anomda wexesha. Phantsi kwe-Prescription Act 68 of 1969, uninzi lwamatyala luyaphelelwa emva kweminyaka emithathu. Iwotshi ngokuqhelekileyo iqala xa umboleki-mali esazi, okanye efanele ukuba uyazi ngokufanelekileyo, ngetyala. Kwisiphene esifihlakeleyo (latent), oko kunokuba kudala emva kokunikezela.

Imithombo ephambili eluncedo: i-Housing Consumers Protection Measures Act ne-Consumer Protection Act. Ngeembopheleleko ezipheleleyo zomakhi, bona iimfuno ze-NHBRC eMzantsi Afrika.

Kutheni iziphene ziba yingxaki yemali ejikelezayo

Iziphene ziba yingxaki yemali ejikelezayo kuba ukugqitywa kokugqibela, i-final account nentlawulo yokugqibela ye-retention zonke zilinde ukuvalwa koluhlu lweziphene. Ukuba into enye yengcali ihlala ivulekile, sonke isixa se-retention sinokuhlala kumqeshi. Kwikhontrakthi ye-R48,000,000, loo mali ihlala iyinzuzo kanokontraka.

Ukusilela okuthathu kubangela uninzi lokulibaziseka.

Okokuqala, akukho rejista enye yeziphene. Ezinye izinto zikwimizuzu yeentlanganiso, ezinye kwiifoto ze-WhatsApp, ezinye kwimiyalelo yesiza. Amaqela axoxa ngoluhlu endaweni yokuzilungisa.

Okwesibini, ubunini abucacanga. Unokontraka ophambili, i-nominated subcontractor nomfaki wengcali nganye bacinga ukuba omnye unoxanduva. Imihla yokugqibela iyadlula kwaye into ihlala ivulekile.

Okwesithathu, ubungqina bokuvala bubuthathaka. Unokontraka uxela “kwenziwe”. I-principal agent isafuna isatifikethi sovavanyo, iphepha le-commissioning okanye inqaku lokuvala elisayiniweyo. Ngaphandle kwalo, into ayivalwanga.

I-load-shedding nomqondiso obuthathaka esizeni kwenza oku kube kubi ngakumbi. Amanqaku agqibela ephepheni nakwimiyalezo, kwaye irejista iyasilela emva.

Ukubona indlela i-retention nezatifikethi zentlawulo ezidibana ngayo, funda izatifikethi zentlawulo yenkqubela eMzantsi Afrika.

Uluhlu lokuhlola olusebenzayo lwe-defects liability

Inkqubo yeziphene iyasebenza xa kukho irejista enye, umnini omnye kwinto nganye, umthetho omnye womhla wokugqibela nomgangatho omnye wobungqina owamkelwa ngawo onke amaqela. Sebenzisa olu luhlu lungezantsi kwiiprojekthi ze-JBCC, NEC okanye GCC. Vumelana ngalo ne-principal agent okanye i-engineer phambi kokugqitywa okusebenzayo, hayi emva kwengxabano yokuqala.

Inqanaba	Into omele uyenze	Ubungqina obuncinci	Umnini
Phambi kokugqitywa okusebenzayo	Vumelana ngeendidi zeziphene, amaxesha okuphendula neenqobo zokwamkela ngokubhaliweyo.	Irekhodi yentlanganiso esayiniweyo netemplate yerejista evunyiweyo.	I-principal agent okanye i-engineer, nonokontraka
Ekugqityweni okusebenzayo	Khupha uluhlu lokuqala lweziphene olunamanani ezinto norhwebo olunoxanduva.	Uluhlu olunomhla, iifoto, indawo, umnini worhwebo.	Umlawuli wekhontrakthi
Ngexesha leziphene	Qhuba umjikelo weveki: abela, lungisa, qinisekisa, sayina.	Irejista ehlaziyiweyo, iifoto zangaphambili nezasemva, iirekhodi zovavanyo.	Umphathi wesiza neenkokeli zorhwebo
Phambi kokucela ukugqitywa kokugqibela	Jonga yonke into evulekileyo kwaye wakhe ifayile yokuvala.	Ipakethi yokuvala ne-matrix yokusayina.	Iqela leekhontrakthi likanokontraka
Ukugqitywa kokugqibela	Ngenisa isicelo esisesikweni nabo bonke ubungqina.	Ileta, irejista esayiniweyo, izatifikethi, imizobo ye-as-built.	Unokontraka
Emva kokunikezela	Landelela imiba ephindaphindayo nefihlakeleyo namabango ewaranti.	Imbali yeziphene nerekhodi yonxibelelwano.	Umphuhlisi okanye umqeshi

Ukuze isebenze:

Hlela iziphene ngokobuzaza. Izinto zokhuseleko nezisemthethweni zifuna umhla wokugqibela omfutshane kunokulungisa ipeyinti.
Nika into nganye umnini wekhontrakthi. Chaza ipakethi ye-subcontract, umphathi nomntu woqhagamshelwano wokunyusa.
Hlonipha amaxesha ezaziso. Isaziso esifike emva kwexesha kwi-subcontractor sinokwenza buthathaka ilungelo lakho lokubuyisa iindleko.
Dibanisa ukuvala nentlawulo. Bonisa iqela lorhwebo ukuba zeziphi izinto ezivulekileyo ezibamba i-retention.
Beka imithetho yobungqina kwangethuba. Kumsebenzi wombane, wemibhobho nowoomatshini, cela amaphepha ovavanyo ne-commissioning.

Usalandela ukusayinwa kweziphene phambi kokuba ukhulule i-retention? I-Wakha idibanisa iifoto zedayari yakho yesiza, izatifikethi ze-sub-contractor ne-retention kwiprojekthi nganye, kwisoftware enye eyakhelwe abakhi baseMzantsi Afrika: bona idemo yemveliso.

Umzekelo: ixesha leziphene leentsuku ezingama-90 kwiprojekthi yokusetyenziswa okuxubeneyo

Lo mzekelo ubonisa indlela isicwangciso esicwangcisiweyo seeveki ezili-13 esivala ngayo iziphene ezili-132 ngaphakathi kwexesha leziphene leentsuku ezingama-90 elinjenge-JBCC. Iprojekthi sisakhiwo sokusetyenziswa okuxubeneyo se-R48,000,000 eGauteng. Iziphene zigubungela ukugqiba, ukuthintela amanzi, ukulungelelanisa i-air-conditioning ne-commissioning yolawulo lokungena. Amanani ngumzekelo nje.

Ngaphandle kwesicwangciso, ipateni iyaziwa. Izinto zokuhombisa zivalwa kuqala. Izinto zobugcisa ziyathatha ixesha. Ii-subcontractor zeengcali zibuya emva kwexesha. Ngosuku lama-90, izinto ze-commissioning zisaphikiswa kwaye i-retention ibanjiwe.

Ngesicwangciso:

Iiveki	Amanyathelo aphambili	Isiphumo	Isiphumo sorhwebo
1 ukuya ku-2	Vumelana ngerejista yesiseko, abela abanini, thumela izaziso ze-subcontract.	Uluhlu olunye olwamkelweyo olunemihla yokugqibela.	Iingxabano ezimbalwa ngomsebenzi.
3 ukuya ku-6	Uqinisekiso lweveki, nyusa izinto ezibalulekileyo ezigqithileyo.	Izinto ezivulekileyo ziyehla veki nganye, ukuvala ngakunye kunobungqina.	Umhla wokugqitywa kokugqibela ukhuselekile.
7 ukuya ku-10	Jolisa kuvavanyo lweenkqubo, iziphene eziphindaphindayo neendawo zomthengi.	Izinto ezimbalwa eziphinde zavulwa.	Umngcipheko omncinci wokubanjwa kwe-retention.
11 ukuya ku-13	Yakha ipakethi yokuvala kwaye uyihlole kwangaphambili ne-principal agent.	Isicelo esipheleleyo sokugqitywa kokugqibela.	I-final account ihamba ngexesha.

Isifundo simalunga nolawulo. Inkqubo enye, evunyelwene ngawo onke amaqela, enezaziso ezicacileyo nobungqina obulungileyo.

Isishwankathelo

I-defects liability period lixesha lekhontrakthi nelemali ejikelezayo, kwaye kufuneka liqhutywe ngoqeqesho olufanayo nolokwakha. Jonga ubude kwi-contract data yakho, lungelelanisa ii-subcontract zakho, khumbula iwaranti ye-NHBRC kumakhaya, kwaye uvale into nganye ngobungqina. Yile ndlela ofikelela ngayo ekugqityweni kokugqibela uze uhlawulwe i-retention yakho.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Yintoni i-defects liability period kulwakhiwo?

Lixesha emva kokugqitywa okusebenzayo apho unokontraka kufuneka alungise iziphene emsebenzini wakhe ngeendleko zakhe. EMzantsi Afrika, ubude bubekwe kwi-contract data yekhontrakthi ye-JBCC, NEC okanye GCC. Xa zonke iziphene ezidwelisiweyo zilungisiwe kwaye zamkelwe, i-principal agent okanye i-engineer inokuqinisekisa ukugqitywa kokugqibela kwaye i-retention esaseleyo inokukhululwa.

Lide kangakanani i-defects liability period phantsi kwe-JBCC?

I-JBCC Principal Building Agreement ibeka ixesha kwi-contract data, ngoko jonga ikhontrakthi yakho esayiniweyo. Iiprojekthi ezininzi zokwakha zisebenzisa malunga neentsuku zekhalenda ezingama-90 ukusuka ekugqityweni okusebenzayo. Ixesha liphela xa iziphene ezidweliswe yi-principal agent zilungisiwe, nto leyo ekhokelela ekugqityweni kokugqibela nokukhululwa kwentsalela ye-retention.

Yintoni i-defects date phantsi kwe-NEC?

Phantsi kwe-NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract, i-defects date ngumhla ochazwe kwi-contract data, emva kokugqitywa. Kude kube ngoko, i-Supervisor nonokontraka bazisa ngeziphene abazifumanayo. Unokontraka kufuneka alungise isiphene ngasinye ngaphakathi kwe-defect correction period. I-Supervisor emva koko ikhupha i-Defects Certificate, evala iimbopheleleko zikanokontraka zeziphene phantsi kwekhontrakthi.

Oonokontraka banoxanduva ixesha elingakanani ngomsebenzi wabo eMzantsi Afrika?

Kuxhomekeke kwikhontrakthi nomthetho. Ixesha leziphene lekhontrakthi linokuba ziintsuku ezingama-90 okanye iinyanga ezili-12. Kumakhaya abhaliswe kwi-NHBRC, umakhi kufuneka alungise iziphene ezinkulu zesakhiwo iminyaka emihlanu. Ngokwahlukileyo, phantsi kwe-Prescription Act 68 of 1969, uninzi lwamabango ekhontrakthi luyaphelelwa emva kweminyaka emithathu emva kokuba umboleki-mali esazi, okanye efanele ukwazi, ngetyala.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba unokontraka akazilungisi iziphene?

Uninzi lweekhontrakthi eziqhelekileyo luvumela umqeshi ukuba anike isaziso kwaye, ukuba unokontraka akakenzi nto, asebenzise omnye umakhi aze abuyise iindleko. Ezo ndleko zihlala zithathwa kwi-retention okanye kwi-final account. Amanyathelo achanekileyo namaxesha ezaziso axhomekeke kwikhontrakthi yakho, ngoko landela inkqubo yayo ngononophelo kwaye ugcine iirekhodi ezibhaliweyo zaso sonke isaziso.

Amanqaku anxulumeneyo: