Isikhathi Sesibopho Samaphutha eNingizimu Afrika Sichaziwe

Amathimba amaningi abheka isikhathi sesibopho samaphutha kuphela uma i-retention isivele ivaleleke futhi iklayenti seliyekile ukuphendula ama-imeyili.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi siyini isikhathi sesibopho samaphutha (defects liability period) eNingizimu Afrika, ukuthi side kangakanani ngaphansi kwezinkontileka ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, ukuthi sihlangana kanjani newaranti ye-NHBRC, nokuthi ungayiqhuba kanjani inqubo yokuvala ekufikisa ekuqedweni kokugcina futhi i-retention yakho ikhokhwe.

Siyini isikhathi sesibopho samaphutha eNingizimu Afrika?

Isikhathi sesibopho samaphutha yisikhathi esilandela ukuqedwa okungokoqobo lapho usonkontileka kufanele abuye alungise amaphutha ngezindleko zakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, ubude baso nenqubo kuvela enkontilekeni esayiniwe ne-contract data yayo. Siphela ngokuqedwa kokugcina, okuvame ukuvula i-akhawunti yokugcina nokukhululwa kwe-retention.

Isikhathi sikhona ngoba amanye amaphutha avela kuphela uma isakhiwo sesisetshenziswa. Isivalo seshawa esivuzayo, umnyango obambekayo noma i-screed eqhekekile kungase kungabonakali ngosuku lwenikezelo.

Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, usonkontileka ugcina imisebenzi emithathu:

Ukulungisa amaphutha abalwe yi-principal agent, unjiniyela noma umqashi, ngaphakathi kwesikhathi inkontileka esivumelayo.
Ukunikeza iklayenti ukufinyelela ebufakazini bokuthi into ngayinye ilungisiwe.
Ukugcina ama-subcontractor akhe enesibopho somsebenzi wawo, ngemibandela ye-subcontract ehambisanayo (back-to-back).

Umqashi naye unomsebenzi. Kufanele anikeze usonkontileka ukungena esizeni ukuze alungise amaphutha. Uma eletha omunye umakhi ngaphandle kwesaziso, angalahlekelwa yilungelo lokubuyisa lezo zindleko.

Ngezinyathelo ezandulela lesi sikhathi, bona uhlu lokuhlola lwenikezelo yephrojekthi yokwakha.

Side kangakanani isikhathi sesibopho samaphutha ngaphansi kwe-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC?

Ngaphansi kwezinkontileka ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, isikhathi sesibopho samaphutha sibekwe ku-contract data, ngakho okuwukuphela kwempendulo ethembekile kusenkontilekeni yakho esayiniwe. Izinkontileka zokwakha ze-JBCC zivame ukusebenzisa cishe izinsuku zekhalenda ezingama-90. I-NEC isebenzisa i-”defects date” ne-defect correction period. Izinkontileka ze-civil ze-GCC zivame ukuba zinde, ngokuvamile izinyanga eziyi-12.

Ithebula elingezansi liqhathanisa imindeni emithathu yezinkontileka esetshenziswa kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika.

Ifomu lenkontileka	Indlela isikhathi esichazwa ngayo	Yini esivalayo	Ubungozi uma ulahlekelwa ukulawula
JBCC Principal Building Agreement (imisebenzi yokwakha)	Kushiwo ku-contract data, ngokuvamile cishe izinsuku zekhalenda ezingama-90 kusukela ekuqedweni okungokoqobo.	Amaphutha alungiswa ngokwenelisa i-principal agent, bese kuba wukuqedwa kokugcina.	Isitifiketi sokuqedwa kokugcina nokukhululwa kwe-retention kuyabambezeleka.
NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract	I-defects date ne-defect correction period, kokubili ku-contract data.	I-Supervisor ikhipha i-Defects Certificate.	Amaphutha angalungisiwe angalinganiswa futhi adonswe kulokho okukhokhelwayo.
GCC 2015 (imisebenzi ye-civil)	Kushiwo ku-contract data, ngokuvamile izinyanga eziyi-12 emaphrojekthini e-civil.	Unjiniyela wamukela umsebenzi wokulungisa futhi akhiphe isitifiketi sokugcina.	Amaphutha asele abambezela i-akhawunti yokugcina.

Amaphuzu amathathu abalulekile kuyo yonke iphrojekthi yaseNingizimu Afrika:

I-contract data iyabusa. Ungakopishi isikhathi emsebenzini wakho wokugcina. Sebenzisa inguqulo esayiniwe nedatha yephrojekthi.
Ama-subcontract kufanele ahambisane. Uma inkontileka yakho eyinhloko ikunika izinsuku ezingama-90 kodwa i-subcontract yakho ithule, uthwala igebe.
Cela iseluleko ezingxabanweni. Lo mhlahlandlela ujwayelekile. Ingxabano ngephutha kufanele iye kumphathi wakho wenkontileka noma kummeli.

Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ngokuthi amafomu ahluka kanjani, funda izinhlobo zezinkontileka zokwakha eNingizimu Afrika.

Iwaranti ye-NHBRC ihlangana kanjani nesikhathi samaphutha?

Ezindlini ezifakwe ku-NHBRC, i-Housing Consumers Protection Measures Act 95 of 1998 yengeza imisebenzi yewaranti esemthethweni edlula isikhathi samaphutha senkontileka. Umakhi wezindlu kufanele alungise amaphutha amakhulu esakhiwo iminyaka emihlanu, ukuvuza kophahla izinyanga eziyi-12, namanye amaphutha okungahambisani noma omsebenzi abikwe zingakapheli izinyanga ezintathu kusukela ekungeneni.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhathi esifushane samaphutha senkontileka asikuqedi ukuchayeka kwakho endlini entsha.

Uhlobo lwephutha	Isikhathi sewaranti ngaphansi koMthetho	Siqala ku
Ukungahambisani ne-NHBRC technical requirements, noma ukuklama, umsebenzi noma izinto zokwakha ezimbi	Izinyanga ezi-3	Ukungena
Ukuvuza kophahla okubangelwa umsebenzi, ukuklama noma izinto zokwakha	Izinyanga eziyi-12	Ukungena
Amaphutha amakhulu esakhiwo	Iminyaka emi-5	Ukungena

Lapho i-Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 isebenza ekuthengisweni, umthengi angaba namalungelo akhe ekhwalithi.

Izimangalo zenkontileka nazo zinomkhawulo wesikhathi. Ngaphansi kwe-Prescription Act 68 of 1969, izikweletu eziningi ziphelelwa yisikhathi (prescribe) ngemva kweminyaka emithathu. Iwashi ngokuvamile liqala uma umbolekisi azi, noma kufanele ngokunengqondo azi, ngesikweletu. Ephutheni elifihlekile (latent), lokho kungaba kudala ngemva kwenikezelo.

Imithombo eyinhloko ewusizo: i-Housing Consumers Protection Measures Act ne-Consumer Protection Act. Ngemisebenzi ephelele yomakhi, bona izidingo ze-NHBRC eNingizimu Afrika.

Kungani amaphutha eba yinkinga yokugeleza kwemali

Amaphutha aba yinkinga yokugeleza kwemali ngoba ukuqedwa kokugcina, i-akhawunti yokugcina nenkokhelo yokugcina ye-retention konke kulinda ukuthi uhlu lwamaphutha luvalwe. Uma into eyodwa ekhethekile ihlala ivulekile, lonke inani le-retention lingahlala nomqashi. Enkontilekeni ye-R48,000,000, leyo mali ivame ukuba yinzuzo kasonkontileka.

Ukwehluleka okuthathu kubangela ukubambezeleka okuningi.

Okokuqala, ayikho irejista eyodwa yamaphutha. Ezinye izinto zisemizuzwini yemihlangano, ezinye zisezithombeni ze-WhatsApp, ezinye zisemiyalelweni yesiza. Izinhlangothi ziphikisana ngohlu esikhundleni sokulungisa.

Okwesibili, ubunikazi abucaci. Usonkontileka omkhulu, i-subcontractor e-nominated nomfaki okhethekile ngamunye ucabanga ukuthi omunye unesibopho. Izinsuku zokugcina ziyadlula futhi into ihlala ivulekile.

Okwesithathu, ubufakazi bokuvala bubuthaka. Usonkontileka ubika ukuthi “kwenziwe”. I-principal agent isadinga isitifiketi sokuhlola, ishidi le-commissioning noma inothi lokuvala elisayiniwe. Ngaphandle kwakho, into ayivalwa.

I-load shedding nesiginali ebuthaka esizeni kwenza lokhu kube kubi kakhulu. Amanothi agcina esephepheni nasemilayezweni, bese irejista isala ngemuva.

Ukuze ubone ukuthi i-retention nezitifiketi zenkokhelo kuxhumana kanjani, funda izitifiketi zenkokhelo yenqubekelaphambili eNingizimu Afrika.

Uhlu lokuhlola olusebenzayo lwesibopho samaphutha

Inqubo yamaphutha iyasebenza uma kunerejista eyodwa, umnikazi oyedwa ngento ngayinye, umthetho owodwa wosuku lokugcina nezinga elilodwa lobufakazi okuvunyelwana ngalo yizo zonke izinhlangothi. Sebenzisa uhlu olungezansi emaphrojekthini e-JBCC, NEC noma i-GCC. Vumelana ngalo ne-principal agent noma unjiniyela ngaphambi kokuqedwa okungokoqobo, hhayi ngemva kwengxabano yokuqala.

Isigaba	Okufanele ukwenze	Ubufakazi obuncane	Umnikazi
Ngaphambi kokuqedwa okungokoqobo	Vumelana ngezigaba zamaphutha, izikhathi zokuphendula nemibandela yokwamukela ngokubhaliwe.	Irekhodi lomhlangano elisayiniwe nesifanekiso serejista esivunyiwe.	I-principal agent noma unjiniyela, nosonkontileka
Ekuqedweni okungokoqobo	Khipha uhlu lokuqala lwamaphutha nezinombolo zezinto nomsebenzi onomthwalo.	Uhlu olunosuku, izithombe, indawo, umnikazi womsebenzi.	Umphathi wenkontileka
Phakathi nesikhathi samaphutha	Qhuba umjikelezo wamasonto onke: abela, lungisa, qinisekisa, sayina.	Irejista ebuyekeziwe, izithombe zangaphambi nangemva, amarekhodi okuhlola.	I-site manager nabaholi bemisebenzi
Ngaphambi kokucela ukuqedwa kokugcina	Hlola yonke into evulekile futhi wakhe ifayela lokuvala.	Iphakethe lokuvala ne-matrix yokusayina.	Ithimba lezinkontileka likasonkontileka
Ukuqedwa kokugcina	Thumela isicelo esisemthethweni nabo bonke ubufakazi.	Incwadi, irejista esayiniwe, izitifiketi, amadrowing e-as-built.	Usonkontileka
Ngemva kwenikezelo	Landelela izinkinga eziphindaphindayo nezifihlekile nezimangalo zewaranti.	Umlando wamaphutha nerekhodi lokuxhumana.	Umthuthukisi noma umqashi

Ukuze kusebenze:

Hlela amaphutha ngobukhulu bawo. Izinto zokuphepha nezisemthethweni zidinga usuku lokugcina olufushane kunokuthinta upende.
Nikeza yonke into umnikazi wenkontileka. Qamba iphakethe le-subcontract, umphathi nomuntu wokudlulisela phezulu.
Hlonipha izikhathi zezaziso. Isaziso esephuzile ku-subcontractor singenza buthaka ilungelo lakho lokubuyisa izindleko.
Xhumanisa ukuvala nenkokhelo. Khombisa ithimba lezohwebo ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezivulekile ezibamba i-retention.
Beka imithetho yobufakazi kusenesikhathi. Emsebenzini kagesi, wamapayipi nowemishini, cela amashidi okuhlola nawe-commissioning.

Usajaha ukusayinwa kwamaphutha ngaphambi kokuthi ukhulule i-retention? I-Wakha ixhumanisa izithombe zedayari yakho yesiza, izitifiketi ne-retention yama-sub-contractor nephrojekthi ngayinye, kusoftware eyodwa eyakhelwe abakhi baseNingizimu Afrika: bona idemo yomkhiqizo.

Isibonelo: isikhathi samaphutha sezinsuku ezingama-90 ephrojekthini yokusetshenziswa okuxubile

Lesi sibonelo sikhombisa ukuthi uhlelo oluhlelekile lwamasonto ayi-13 luvala kanjani amaphutha ayi-132 ngaphakathi kwesikhathi samaphutha sezinsuku ezingama-90 sohlobo lwe-JBCC. Iphrojekthi yisakhiwo sokusetshenziswa okuxubile se-R48,000,000 eGauteng. Amaphutha ahlanganisa ukuqedela, ukuvimbela amanzi, ukulinganisa umoya opholile ne-commissioning yokulawula ukungena. Izibalo ziyisibonelo.

Ngaphandle kohlelo, iphethini iyaziwa. Izinto zokubukeka zivalwa kuqala. Izinto zobuchwepheshe ziyantanta. Ama-subcontractor akhethekile abuya sekwephuzile. Ngosuku lwama-90, izinto ze-commissioning zisaphikiswa futhi i-retention ibanjiwe.

Ngohlelo:

Amasonto	Izenzo ezibalulekile	Umphumela	Umthelela wezohwebo
1 kuya ku-2	Vumelana ngerejista eyisisekelo, abela abanikazi, thumela izaziso ze-subcontract.	Uhlu olulodwa olwamukelwe olunezinsuku zokugcina.	Izingxabano ezimbalwa ngobubanzi.
3 kuya ku-6	Ukuqinisekisa kwamasonto onke, dlulisela phezulu izinto ezibucayi ezephuzile.	Izinto ezivulekile ziyehla isonto ngalinye, ukuvala ngakunye kunobufakazi.	Usuku lokuqedwa kokugcina luyavikeleka.
7 kuya ku-10	Gxila ekuhlolweni kwezinhlelo, amaphutha aphindaphindayo nezindawo zeklayenti.	Izinto ezimbalwa eziphinde zivulwe.	Ubungozi obuncane bokubanjwa kwe-retention.
11 kuya ku-13	Yakha iphakethe lokuvala bese ulihlola kuqala ne-principal agent.	Isicelo esiphelele sokuqedwa kokugcina.	I-akhawunti yokugcina iqhubeka ngesikhathi.

Isifundo simayelana nokulawula. Inqubo eyodwa, evunyelwene yizo zonke izinhlangothi, enezaziso ezicacile nobufakazi obuhle.

Isiphetho

Isikhathi sesibopho samaphutha siyisikhathi senkontileka nesokugeleza kwemali, futhi kufanele siqhutshwe ngokuzithiba okufanayo nokwakha. Hlola ubude ku-contract data yakho, hambisanisa ama-subcontract akho, khumbula iwaranti ye-NHBRC ezindlini, futhi uvale into ngayinye ngobufakazi. Yileyo ndlela ofinyelela ngayo ekuqedweni kokugcina futhi i-retention yakho ikhokhwe.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Siyini isikhathi sesibopho samaphutha ekwakheni?

Yisikhathi esilandela ukuqedwa okungokoqobo lapho usonkontileka kufanele alungise amaphutha emsebenzini wakhe ngezindleko zakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, ubude bubekwe ku-contract data yenkontileka ye-JBCC, NEC noma i-GCC. Uma wonke amaphutha abhaliwe esilungisiwe futhi amukelwe, i-principal agent noma unjiniyela angaqinisekisa ukuqedwa kokugcina futhi i-retention esele ingakhululwa.

Side kangakanani isikhathi sesibopho samaphutha ngaphansi kwe-JBCC?

I-JBCC Principal Building Agreement ibeka isikhathi ku-contract data, ngakho hlola inkontileka yakho esayiniwe. Amaphrojekthi amaningi okwakha asebenzisa cishe izinsuku zekhalenda ezingama-90 kusukela ekuqedweni okungokoqobo. Isikhathi siphela uma amaphutha abalwe yi-principal agent esilungisiwe, okuholela ekuqedweni kokugcina nasekukhululweni kwensalela ye-retention.

Iyini i-defects date ngaphansi kwe-NEC?

Ngaphansi kwe-NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract, i-defects date wusuku olushiwo ku-contract data, ngemva kokuqedwa. Kuze kube yilolo suku, i-Supervisor nosonkontileka bazisana ngamaphutha abawatholayo. Usonkontileka kufanele alungise iphutha ngalinye ngaphakathi kwe-defect correction period. I-Supervisor bese ikhipha i-Defects Certificate, evala imisebenzi kasonkontileka yamaphutha ngaphansi kwenkontileka.

Osonkontileka banesibopho isikhathi esingakanani ngomsebenzi wabo eNingizimu Afrika?

Kuncike enkontilekeni nasemthethweni. Isikhathi samaphutha senkontileka singaba yizinsuku ezingama-90 noma izinyanga eziyi-12. Ezindlini ezifakwe ku-NHBRC, umakhi kufanele alungise amaphutha amakhulu esakhiwo iminyaka emihlanu. Ngokwehlukile, ngaphansi kwe-Prescription Act 68 of 1969, izimangalo eziningi zenkontileka ziphelelwa yisikhathi eminyakeni emithathu ngemva kokuba umbolekisi azi, noma kufanele azi, ngesikweletu.

Kwenzekani uma usonkontileka engawalungisi amaphutha?

Izinkontileka eziningi ezijwayelekile zivumela umqashi ukuthi anikeze isaziso futhi, uma usonkontileka engakenzi lutho, asebenzise omunye umakhi futhi abuyise izindleko. Lezo zindleko zivame ukuthathwa ku-retention noma ku-akhawunti yokugcina. Izinyathelo eziqondile nezikhathi zezaziso kuncike enkontilekeni yakho, ngakho landela inqubo yayo ngokucophelela futhi ugcine amarekhodi abhaliwe azo zonke izaziso.

Izihloko ezihlobene: