Isifanekiso Samahhala Sohlu Lwama-Snag Sokwakha e-SA

Isifanekiso Sohlu Lwama-Snag Samaphrojekthi Okwakha eNingizimu Afrika

Uma ithimba lakho lifika ku-10% wokugcina wephrojekthi lingenayo inqubo elawulwayo yama-snag, leyo ngxenye yokugcina ingahudula amasonto futhi ifake i-retention engozini. Isifanekiso sohlu lwama-snag sokwakha eNingizimu Afrika amathimba angasisebenzisa kuyo yonke iphrojekthi sinika ama-site manager, ama-foreman, ama-subcontractor nama-principal agent umthombo owodwa weqiniso wamaphutha, izinsuku zokugcina nokuziphendulela.

Lo mhlahlandlela ukunika isakhiwo sesifanekiso esilungele isiza, imithetho yokubeka phambili nokugeleza komsebenzi kokuvala kwamaphrojekthi aseNingizimu Afrika. Ukhombisa nalapho ama-snag ethinta khona izitifiketi zenkokhelo, ukuqedwa okungokoqobo nokugeleza kwemali ukuze uvale ngokushesha ngaphandle kokudala izingxabano enikezelweni.

Kungani uhlu lwama-snag lubambezela ukuqedwa okungokoqobo uma lungaphathwa

Amathimba amaningi ephrojekthi awalahlekelwa yisikhathi ngoba ephuthelwa ngamaphutha. Alahlekelwa yisikhathi ngoba amaphutha abhalwa ngendlela engahambisani, abelwa ngokungakahleleki futhi aqinisekiswa sekwephuzile. Ezizeni eziningi, ithimba elilodwa libhala ama-snag ephepheni, elinye liwalandelela ku-WhatsApp, kanti elesithathu ligcina ispredishithi esibuyekezwa ngumuntu oyedwa kuphela. Uma ukuhlolwa kokuqedwa okungokoqobo kwenzeka, akekho othemba isimo.

ENingizimu Afrika, lokho kubambezeleka kunemiphumela yangempela yezohwebo:

Ama-principal agent abamba ukuqedwa okungokoqobo ngoba ama-snag abucayi asavulekile.
Ukukhululwa kwe-retention kuyahlehliswa, okuqinisa ukugeleza kwemali kasonkontileka.
Ama-akhawunti okugcina ama-subcontractor ayabambezeleka ngoba ubufakazi bokuqedwa abuphelele.
Amathimba achitha amahora ephikisana ngokuthi into yake yakhishwa, yamukelwa noma yavalwa.

Uma usuvele uqhuba inqubo yenikezelo eqinile, uhlu lwama-snag kufanele lube ngokokufaka okukodwa kuleyo nqubo, hhayi ukuyithatha indawo. Ngokulandelana okuphelele kwenikezelo, amaphakethe emibhalo namasango okusayina, sebenzisa lo mhlahlandlela ozinikele: uhlu lokuhlola lwenikezelo yephrojekthi yokwakha.

Isimo senkontileka saseNingizimu Afrika: i-JBCC, NEC, GCC nesibopho samaphutha

Uhlu lwama-snag aluluhlu lwekhwalithi nje. Luhlala ngaphakathi kokuphathwa kwenkontileka. Amagama ahlukile phakathi kwe-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, kodwa iqiniso lokusebenza liyafana: amaphutha angaxazululiwe angabambezela izigaba ezibalulekile zokuqedwa nemiphumela yenkokhelo.

Nansi indlela isimo esivame ukuhamba ngayo:

Amaphrojekthi e-JBCC: Ukuqedwa okungokoqobo kuxhunywe nemibandela yokuqedwa nokulungiswa kwamaphutha abhaliwe ngaphakathi kwezikhathi okuvunyelwene ngazo. Ama-snag angabhalwanga kahle adala ukungavumelani ekuqinisekisweni.
Amaphrojekthi e-NEC: Ukugeleza komsebenzi kwamaphutha nokulungisa kuncike ezazisweni ezicacile, imithwalo nezikhathi. Amarekhodi angakahleleki awami uma kuvela izingxabano.
Amaphrojekthi e-GCC: Isibopho samaphutha nezigaba ezibalulekile zokuqedwa nakho kuncike emarekhodini amaphutha alandelekayo nobufakazi bokuvala.

Irejista yakho yama-snag ngakho-ke kufanele isekele:

Amarekhodi okukhishwa kwamaphutha anosuku.
Ukwabelwa kohlangothi olunomthwalo.
Izinsuku okuhlosiwe zokulungisa.
Ubufakazi bokuqinisekisa (isithombe, amazwana, ukusayina komhloli).
Ireferensi yenkontileka lapho kufanele (isigatshana semininingwane, idrowing, i-method statement).

Uma izilinganiso zenyanga nezitifiketi kulungiswa, amaphutha angaxazululiwe angaphinda athinte lokho okuqinisekiswayo nokuthi nini. Uma ithimba lakho lidinga inqubo eqinile phakathi kwamaphutha nemibhalo yesilinganiso, buyekeza umhlahlandlela wesitifiketi senkokhelo se-JBCC.

Isifanekiso sohlu lwama-snag sokwakha eNingizimu Afrika: izinkambu ezidingekayo nefomethi

Isifanekiso sisebenza kuphela uma wonke umuntu engasisebenzisa esizeni ngemizuzu. Sigcine sihlelekile, kodwa silula ngokwanele ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke efonini noma kuthebhulethi.

Sebenzisa le fomethi eyinhloko yethebula entweni ngayinye ye-snag.

Inkambu	Okufanele ukuthathe	Kungani kubalulekile
I-Snag ID	Ireferensi eyingqayizivele (isibonelo: BLK-B-L2-014)	Ivimbela izinto eziphindaphindiwe nokudideka
Indawo / Iyunithi	Ibhulokhi, isitezi, ikamelo, i-erf noma inombolo yeyunithi	Isheshisa ukuthola iphutha
Umsebenzi (trade)	Ukwakha ngezitini, amapayipi, ugesi, ukuqedela, ukuvimbela amanzi, njll.	Yabela ukuziphendulela kahle
Incazelo yephutha	Inkinga ethile nezinga elidingekayo	Isusa ukungacaci nokuphinda umsebenzi
Ubukhulu	Kubucayi, kukhulu, kuncane	Isekela ukubeka phambili nokulandelana
Ireferensi yenkontileka / yedrowing	Inombolo yedrowing, ingxenye yemininingwane noma isigatshana senkontileka	Isekela ukuqinisekisa okungachemile
I-subcontractor enomthwalo	Inkampani nomuntu oziphendulelayo	Icacisa ubunikazi
Usuku oluphakanyiswe ngalo	Usuku into eyabhalwa ngalo okokuqala	Ilandelela ukuguga nesikhathi sokuphendula
Usuku okuhlosiwe lokuvala	Usuku lokugcina lokulungisa okuvunyelwene ngalo	Isekela ukuzithiba kokuvala kwamasonto onke
Indlela yokuqinisekisa	Isithombe, inothi lokuhlola, isitifiketi sokuhlola	Idala ubufakazi bokuvala
Kuqinisekiswe ngu	I-site manager, i-clerk of works, i-principal agent, umeluleki	Yenza umkhondo wokusayina usemthethweni
Isimo	Kuvulekile, kuyaqhubeka, kulungele ukuhlolwa, kuvaliwe, kuyaphikiswa	Yenza ukubika kusebenziseke
Inani lokuphinda kuvulwe	Inani lemizamo yokuvala ehlulekile	Ikhombisa ubungozi bekhwalithi kusenesikhathi

Amathiphu okufometha asebenzayo:

Gcina umugqa owodwa ngento ngayinye ye-snag. Ungahlanganisi amaseli noma ufake amaphutha amaningi emugqeni owodwa.
Sebenzisa amanani esimo ajwayelekile kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi.
Faka izithombe ezinesikhathi nendawo.
Hlukanisa okuthi “kulungele ukuhlolwa” kokuthi “kuvaliwe” ukuze ukuvalwa kuhlale kuqinisekiswa.
Gcina umlando wezinguqulo. Ungalokothi ubhale phezulu ngaphandle kwamanothi okuhlola.

Uma ithimba lakho selivele libhala umongo wansuku zonke kudayari yesiza, xhumanisa amarekhodi edayari nama-snag ID esikhundleni sokuphinda okufakiwe. Lokhu kugcina irejista yama-snag igxile ezenzweni ngenkathi kulondolozwa ukulandelana kwezikhathi kunqubo yakho yedayari yesiza sokwakha.

Indlela yokubeka phambili ama-snag ukuze inikezelo isheshe

Akuwona wonke ama-snag okufanele aphathwe ngokulinganayo. Amathimba avala ngokushesha ngokuvamile asebenzisa uhlaka olulula lokubeka phambili futhi avikele izikhathi zokuhlola zezinto ezibucayi kuqala.

Sebenzisa lokhu kulandelana kokubeka phambili:

Amaphutha okuphepha nawasemthethweni kuqala
Noma yini ethinta impilo nokuphepha, ukuhambisana nemithetho yomlilo, ukulawulwa kokungena noma ukuvunywa okusemthethweni ithola isinyathelo ngokushesha.
Izivimbelo zokuqedwa okwesibili
Amaphutha avimbela ukuqinisekiswa kokuqedwa okungokoqobo aza ngaphambi kwemisebenzi yokubukeka.
Izinto zokulandelana ezincike ezinhlelweni okwesithathu
Isibonelo, ukuqinisekiswa kokuvimbela amanzi ngaphambi kokuvalwa kophahla lwangaphakathi, noma ukuhlolwa kukagesi ngaphambi kokusayinwa kwe-commissioning.
Izinto zamakhasimende ezibonakala kakhulu okwesine
Amaphutha angaphambili, ukwehluleka okukhulu kokuqedela nezinkinga zekhwalithi eziphindaphindayo ezilimaza ukuzethemba enikezelweni.
Izinto ezincane zokubukeka ekugcineni
Ziphathe ngamaqoqo ukuze ugweme ukuphazamisa izinsiza ze-critical path.

Imodeli elula ye-SLA igcina amathimba ethembekile:

Okubucayi: vala zingakapheli amahora angama-24-72.
Okukhulu: vala zingakapheli izinsuku zokusebenza ezi-5-7.
Okuncane: vala zingakapheli izinsuku zokusebenza eziyi-10-14.

Lokhu kuvimbela ama-snag “amancane” ukuthi abe ukuhudula okubizayo esigabeni sokugcina. Uma ubona imijikelezo yama-snag ephindaphindayo, umthelela wezindleko uvame ukuvela ekungasebenzini kahle kwabasebenzi, ekwelulweni kwama-preliminaries nasemalini engenayo ebambezelekile. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuchazwe ekweqeni kwezindleko zokwakha eNingizimu Afrika.

Ukugeleza komsebenzi kokuvala ama-snag kwamasonto onke kwamathimba esiza

Isigqi samasonto onke yilapho izinhlelo eziningi zama-snag ziphumelela noma zehluleka khona. Ukugeleza komsebenzi okungezansi kusebenza kosonkontileka abancane naphakathi nasezizeni ezinemisebenzi eminingi.

NgoMsombuluko: Khipha futhi uhambisanise

Qhuba umhlangano wokuxhumanisa wemizuzu engama-30-45 ne-site manager, ama-foreman nama-subcontractor abalulekile.
Buyekeza zonke izinto ezibucayi nezinkulu ezivulekile ngendawo.
Qinisekisa abanikazi nezinsuku okuhlosiwe zokuvala zesonto.
Beka izikhathi zokuhlola ne-principal agent noma ithimba labeluleki.

NgoLwesibili kuya ngoLwesine: Lungisa futhi ufakazele

Ama-subcontractor alungisa ama-snag abelwe wona.
Ama-foreman alayisha ubufakazi bezithombe namanothi ngokwe-snag ID ngayinye.
I-site manager iphinda ihlole izinto “ezilungele ukuhlolwa” ngaphambi kokuqinisekiswa okusemthethweni ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlola okwehlulekayo.

NgoLwesihlanu: Qinisekisa futhi uqale kabusha

Yenza ukuhamba kokuqinisekisa ngezindawo.
Hambisa izinto ziye kokuvaliwe kuphela ngemva kokuba ubufakazi obungachemile bamukelwe.
Vula kabusha izinto ezehlulekile namakhodi ezizathu (isibonelo: ukulungisa okungaphelele, into yokwakha engalungile, ukuqedela okungahambisani).
Shicilela izilinganiso zamasonto onke: okuvuliwe, okuvaliwe, ukuguga, izinga lokuvula kabusha nokubucayi okusalele emuva.

Ama-KPI anconywayo amasonto onke:

Izinga lokuvala elingenalutho (okuvaliwe kususwe okuvuliwe).
Izinsuku ezimaphakathi zokuvuleka ngobukhulu.
Iphesenti lokuvula kabusha nge-subcontractor.
Iphesenti lezinto ezindala kunezinsuku eziyi-14.

Lezi zilinganiso ziwusizo ekuzithibeni kokusebenza nasekulawuleni kwezohwebo. Umjikelezo wokuvala ohlanzekile usekela ukuqinisekiswa kusenesikhathi nemali engenayo ebikezelekayo, okuxhumana ngqo nokuphathwa kokugeleza kwemali ekwakheni eNingizimu Afrika.

Kungani uhlu lwama-snag lwespredishithi lwehluleka emaphrojekthini aphilayo

Amaspredishithi angasebenza emisebenzini emincane kakhulu enomuntu oyedwa othatha izinqumo. Emaphrojekthini aphilayo anemisebenzi eminingi nabeluleki, ngokuvamile ayehluleka ngenxa yezizathu zenqubo, hhayi ngoba isifanekiso sibi.

Amaphuzu avamile okwehluleka:

Ukungqubuzana kwezinguqulo: Amakhophi amaningi ayajikeleza, bese amathimba esebenza ngamarekhodi aphelelwe yisikhathi.
Izibuyekezo ezihamba kancane: Amathimba esiza alinda ukubuyela ehhovisi lesiza ngaphambi kokubhala izinguquko.
Ukuphathwa kobufakazi okubuthaka: Izithombe namazwana kuhlala kumafolda ahlukene noma ezingxoxweni.
Akukho mkhondo wokuziphendulela: Ukwabelwa kabusha nezizathu zokuvula kabusha akulandeleki.
Ukubika okubi: Ukuguga, imikhuba yobukhulu nokusebenza kwama-subcontractor kudinga umsebenzi wesandla.

Umphumela wukuqedwa okungokoqobo okubambezelekile, izingxabano eziningi nokukhululwa kwe-retention okuhamba kancane. Uma usasebenzisa amaspredishithi, wagcine njengesendlalelo sesikhashana kodwa uphoqelele izinkambu ezijwayelekile, amanani esimo angashintshi nesigqi sokuphatha samasonto onke. Bese uthuthela ohlelweni oluphilayo ngaphambi kokuba inani lamaphrojekthi lenyuke.

Isibonelo esisebenzile: ukuvala ama-snag ayi-186 ephrojekthini yamayunithi angama-24

Usonkontileka owayeseduze nokuqedwa okungokoqobo ekuthuthukisweni kwama-townhouse angama-24 wayenezinto ze-snag ezivulekile eziyi-186 kukho konke ukuqedela, ugesi nemisebenzi yamanzi. Ithimba lalisebenzisa i-imeyili kanye nespredishithi esisodwa okwabelwana ngaso. Ngemva kwamasonto amane, ukuvala okungenalutho kwakungahambisani futhi izinto ezingama-31 zase zivulwe kabusha okungenani kanye.

Bashintshela ekugelezeni komsebenzi okukodwa kwedijithali kwama-snag okunama-ID ajwayelekile, imithetho yobukhulu, ubufakazi bezithombe zefoni nokubika kokuvala kwamasonto onke:

Isisekelo sesonto loku-1: 186 kuvulekile, 0 kuqinisekiswe kwavalwa kulowo mjikelezo.
Isonto lesi-2: 74 kuvaliwe, 38 okusha, okuvulekile okungenalutho 150.
Isonto lesi-3: 81 kuvaliwe, 24 okusha, okuvulekile okungenalutho 93.
Isonto lesi-4: 67 kuvaliwe, 11 okusha, okuvulekile okungenalutho 37.
Isonto lesi-5: 29 kuvaliwe, 5 okusha, okuvulekile okungenalutho 13 (konke kuyizinto ezincane zokubukeka).

Umthelela wezohwebo:

Ukuhlolwa kokuqedwa okungokoqobo kwasuka “engozini” kwaya esikhathini esiqinisekisekayo.
Izingxabano ngezinto “esezilungisiwe” zehla ngoba ubufakazi bezithombe babunamathiselwe ku-ID ngayinye.
Isikhathi sokukhululwa kwe-retention saba ngcono ngoba ubufakazi bokuvala babulungele ukuhlolwa.
Amahora okuphathwa kwesiza achithwa ekuvumelaniseni uhlu ancipha kakhulu.

Lona ngumphumela ofanayo wokusebenza amathimba amaningi awufunayo: izimpikiswano ezimbalwa, ukuvala okusheshayo nokusekelwa okuhlanzekile kokuqinisekisa. Uma udinga ukulawula kwephrojekthi okubanzi okungemuva kwale nqubo, kusukela ezinhlelweni kuya ekuhambisaneni nokubonakala kwezimali, sebenzisa isoftware yokuphatha ukwakha ye-Wakha.

Inqubo elawulwayo yesifanekiso sohlu lwama-snag sokwakha eNingizimu Afrika ingenye yezindlela ezisheshayo zokunciphisa ubungozi bokubambezeleka esigabeni sokugcina. Qala ngezinkambu ezijwayelekile, phoqelela ukuzithiba kokuvala kwamasonto onke, futhi uqhube bonke ubufakazi bama-snag ekugelezeni komsebenzi okukodwa okuhloleka ukuze ithimba lakho lifinyelele ekuqedweni okungokoqobo ngokushesha futhi likhulule i-retention kusenesikhathi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Luyini uhlu lwama-snag ekwakheni?

Uhlu lwama-snag yirejista enosuku yamaphutha amancane nezinto ezingaqediwe ezitholakala ngasekupheleni kwephrojekthi, ngaphambi kokuqedwa okungokoqobo. Into ngayinye ibhala indawo, umsebenzi onomthwalo, usuku okuhlosiwe nobufakazi bokuthi ilungisiwe. ENingizimu Afrika, i-principal agent noma iklayenti ngokuvamile lihlola ngokumelene nalo ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa ukuqedwa okungokoqobo.

Kufanele luhlanganiseni uhlu lwama-snag lokwakha?

Okungenani, faka i-snag ID eyingqayizivele, iyunithi noma indawo, umsebenzi, incazelo ecacile, ubukhulu, i-subcontractor enomthwalo, usuku oluphakanyiswe ngalo, usuku okuhlosiwe lokuvala, indlela yokuqinisekisa, ukuthi ngubani oqinisekisile nesimo. Inani lokuphinda kuvulwe likusiza ukubona kusenesikhathi imisebenzi enezinkinga zekhwalithi eziphindaphindayo.

Ngubani olungisa uhlu lwama-snag?

I-site manager kasonkontileka ngokuvamile iqala ngokuzihlola ama-snag, ukuze izinto ezisobala zilungiswe ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okusemthethweni. I-principal agent, umakhi wezakhiwo (architect) noma iklayenti bese lihlola futhi likhiphe uhlu lwalo. Ezindlini ezifakwe ku-NHBRC, umthengi uvame ukwengeza izinto enikezelweni. Hlanganisa lonke uhlu lube yirejista eyodwa ene-ID eyodwa ngento ngayinye.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kohlu lwama-snag nohlu lwamaphutha?

Uhlu lwama-snag ngokuvamile lulungiswa ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokuqedwa okungokoqobo futhi luhlanganisa izinto okufanele ziqedwe noma zilungiswe ngaphambi kwenikezelo. Uhlu lwamaphutha luhlanganisa amaphutha avela phakathi nesikhathi sesibopho samaphutha ngemva kwenikezelo. Kokubili kudinga izinkambu nobufakazi obufanayo, futhi izinto ezivulekile kunoma yiluphi uhlu zingabambezela ukukhululwa kwe-retention.

Usonkontileka unesikhathi esingakanani sokulungisa ama-snag?

Alukho usuku olulodwa lokugcina olusemthethweni. Inkontileka yakho yokwakha ne-contract data yayo kubeka isikhathi sokulungisa amaphutha, futhi izinhlangothi zivame ukuvumelana ngezinsuku okuhlosiwe ngento ngayinye. Amathimba amaningi esiza asebenzisa izinhloso zangaphakathi ezifana namahora angama-24 kuya kwangama-72 ezintweni ezibucayi kuze kufike emasontweni amabili emsebenzini omncane wokubukeka.

Izihloko ezihlobene: